| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 食品科學系 === 85 === The Ames test was used to evaluate the toxic, mutagenic, and
antimutagenic effects from edible parts of nine non-
traditionally edible plants, including Crassocephalum
creidioides S. Moore (Cra), Sechium americanum Poir (Sec),
Portulaca oleracea L. (Por), Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var.
(Bou), Corchorus capsularis L. (Cor), Centella asiatica L. Urban
(Cen), Solanum nigrum L. (Sol), Basella rubra L. (Bas), and
Anisogonium esculentum Presl (Ani). Comet assay was further used
to evaluate the genotoxic effect of the plant extract with
cytotoxic effect. Only green fruit of Sol in the absence of S9
mix showed toxicity to TA100 and Chinese hamster ovary cell
(CHO) with dose-dependence. For TA100, viability were 75, 36 and
42% corresponding to the dose of 1, 3 and 5 mg/plate of green
fruit of Sol, respectively; For CHO cell, cell viability was
93.7, 91.1, 91.3, 90.1, 82.8, 39.5, 5.4 and 0.9% respect to the
dose of 0, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/ml,
respectively. Also it did not induce DNA damge within the dose
range of 0-80 mg/ml.The antimutagenic potencies of the water
extracts of the same nine plants against the mutagenicity of
2-amino-3-methyl[4,5-f]quinine (IQ), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQNO) to TA98 and TA100 were
investigated. For IQ in TA98, Sec and Sol exhibited strong
antimutagenic activity; Cra, Cor, Bas, and Ani exhibited
moderate antimutagenic activity; Por, Bou, and Cen exhibited
weak antimutagenic activity. For IQ in TA100, Sec and Sol
exhibited strong antimutagenic activity; Cra, Bou, and Cor
exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Por, Cen, Bas, and
Ani exhibited weak antimutagenic activity. For B[a]P in TA98,
Cra and Sec exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Cen
exhibited weak antimutagenic activity; whereas Cor, Bas, and Ani
showed no antimutagenicity, and Por, Bou, and Sol had marginal
or no antimugenic activities. For B[a]P in TA100, Cra and Sol
exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Por, Cor, and Ani
exhibited weak antimutagenic activity; whereas Sec and Cen
showed no effect, and Bou and Bas had marginal effect. All
samples exhibited no inhibitory effect on mutagenicity of NQNO
to TA98 and TA100, except the Sol showed strong antimutagenicity
to NQNO in TA100. Moreover, the mutagenicity of NQNO toward
TA100 was enhanced by Sec, Por, Bou, Cen, Bas, and Ani. The
antimutagenic activity of water extracts of Sec reduced after
heated at 100蚓 for 20 min. And we also found that heat-stable
antimutagens were produced in the plant extract preparation
process (homogenized, centrifuged, and freeze-dried). The water
extract of Sec was preliminary fractionated with Amicon membrane
filter. Fraction with molecular weight above 30000 showed
strongest antimutagenic acticity for Sec. Sec contained both
heat-labile and heat-stable antimutagens. The nature of the
antimutagenic components was further evaluated and compared with
their antimutagenic activity. The results suggest that
peroxidase is the major antimutagenic component in Sec. In
addition, polyphenols is one of the heat-stable antimutagens.Key
words: non-traditionally edible plants, mutagenicity,
antimutagenicity, toxicity, fractionation.
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