| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 俄羅斯研究所 === 84 === 18世紀末以來，在加里西亞(Galicia)受奧國統治的羅斯人(
Ruthenians)，原本僅是個操羅斯語言、信奉希臘天主教，且被波蘭貴族
壓迫的「次等公民」團體。然而從19世紀下半期開始，由於民族主義運動
活躍，故使加里西亞的東半部，即今烏克蘭的羅佛(Lviv)、坦諾比(
Ternopil)和伊凡諾─佛蘭凱夫斯克(Ivano-Frankivsk)等散河（San R.）
以東的地區，成為烏克蘭民族主義與建國的基地。儘管如此，到了本世紀
末，羅斯意識似乎仍然存在。因此，「我是羅斯人，過去、現在與未來。
」這句話不僅是19世紀喀爾巴阡山地區的民族覺醒者杜赫諾維奇(A.
Duhnovych)，欲喚起羅斯人的覺醒與認同的詩句，其亦代表著當今在西烏
克蘭及喀爾巴阡山地區，羅斯人用來強調自我意識的一句名言。 本文
旨在探討以下之問題： １．自政治與文化面來看19世紀加里西亞羅斯
人的民族主義運動， 及其興起之原因； ２．自羅斯人的自稱
、他稱、自我意識之基本內涵與轉變，來看 認同意識在19世紀加
里西亞羅斯人的民族主義運動過程中之作用。 ３．本文也在闡明：
一個民族的自我意識可從其自稱中所反應出來；而外來的他稱
基本上與自我認同意識的表現無關，它們往往不正確地反映實
際的民族界限。 本文企圖以認同途徑來看政治與文化的實質，即
認同意識的作用。在技術層次上以文獻分析為主，且在資料的處理上並非
全然自參考書的觀點出發，而主要是自其中所引用的資料再分析。 根
據上述研究目的，本文之研究結果如下： １．19世紀加里西亞的羅斯
運動興起之因，有 地緣、奧國政體、歷史、語言、神職人員與知
識階層、農民、經濟 等七方面因素。 ２．在加里西亞羅斯人
認同意識的形成中，「歷史主義」具有特殊意義， 其一方面提供
了認同意識形成的激勵因素， 另一方面也提供了族裔組成之原則
性與合法性的基礎。 ３．加里西亞羅斯人除了基本的認同意
識外，曾因為外來影響或 基於政治利益，而面臨到 認同
的危機，以及產生了不同內涵的認同意識。 這種轉變可從心理的
、經濟的，以及政治因素三方面來解釋。
Since the end of the eighteenth century, the Galician
Ruthenians, ruled bythe Habsburg Empire, have been a "secondary
people" who used the Ruthenianlanguage, believed in the Greek-
Catholicism and was oppressed by the Polishnobility. But in the
second half of the nineteenth century, under theinfluences of
nationalism, eastern Galicia─Lviv, Ternopil, andIvano-Frankivsk
of Ukraine today─became into the bastion of Ukrainism.
Eventhough today people in these places are considered
Ukrainians, the "Ruthenian conciousness" is still exsisting. "I
am, was, and will be Ruthenian," the poem of Carpathian
Ruthenian awakener A. Duhnovych, was not only the words to
awaken the identity of Ruthenians in the nineteenth century, but
alsoa famous quote for Ruthenians in western Ukraine and
Carpathian today to emphasize their self identity. The
purpose of this thesis is to probe into: 1) the Galician
Rutheniannational movement in the nineteenth century, 2) the
impact of Ruthenianidentity in the process of the national
movement, and also to expound andedvocate: 3) the national self
conciousness is usually reflected from the namethat how the
people call themselves. The name called by alien basicllyhas
nothing to do with the expressing of self conciousness, it
usuallyreflects incorrectly the boundary of nations. The
methodology of this thesis is based mainly on identity and
historicalapproaches. The conclusions of this thesis are as
follows: 1) Geography, Austrian political system, history,
language, awakeners, peasents, and economy were the factors
that made Ruthenian national movement arise. 2) In the
formation of Ruthenian identity, "historism", on the one hand,
aroused it, and on the other hand, provided the foundation of
principle and rationale for ethnicity. 3) Galician
Ruthenians, in addition to their basic identity, had been
chellenged by the crisis of identity and had developed a new
identity with different subtances either because of their
own political interests or alien influences. Such
transformation could be explained from psychological,
economic, and political aspects.
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