| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 植物學系 === 84 === Rice is a staple crop that distributes in temperate,
tropical and subtropical regions. It contains rice cultivars
(Indica and Japonica) and wild rice; the former is consist of O.
sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud., and the latter has 20
species. The genetic diversity among 37 rice varieties and
accessions (genotypes) wasevaluated by random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Twenty-six of 54 primers were sufficient
polymorphisms and produced 468 banding patterns. One hundred and
forty-five molecular markers were scored across Asian rice
varieties; 410 molecularmarkers were scored across the remaining
rice accessions. When all 26 primers weretaken into
consideration, 52.4% of banding patterns were polymorphisms
among Asianrice cultivars. On the other hand, 67.2% of banding
patterns were polymorphisms amongthe remaining accessions.
Therefore, the genetic diversity of Asian rice cultivar
issmaller than the genetic diversity of the other rice
accessions. Clustering dendrographand 3-D plot were produced by
using random sampling of 26 primers. Within AA genome,
thesubspecies of O. sativa L. showed closer affinity with O.
rufipogon Griff. and O. nivaraSharma et Shastry. The O.
glaberrima Steud. were closer affinity with O. barthii A. Chev.
than the other species within AA genome. Between BB, CC, CCDD,
EE, and FF genome, BBCC(O. punctata Kotschy ex Steud.) and CC
(O. officinalis Wall ex Watt) genome species clustered together
with CCDD (O. alta Swallen) genome species, and EE (O.
australiensis Domin.)genome species were closer affinity with
BBCC and CCDD genome species. FF (O.brachyantha A. Chev. et
Roehr.) accession was closer affinity with AA genome species.
Because of the deficiency of sampling rice varieties and
accessions, we should increasethe number of rice varieties or
accessions to recognize the genetic relationships of
ricevarieties or accessions. The results derived from
clustering dendrograph were consistent with pedigree analysisand
geographical distribution. Therefore, RAPD method can assist the
other technologies andprovides the reference of breeding
programs.
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