| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 拉丁美洲研究所 === 83 ===
This thesis of comparison limits both Nicaragua and Taiwan in a period of agrarian reform: In Nicaragua, from 1979 when the Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional (FSLN) replaced the regime to 1989, the declaration of the end of the land reform; in Taiwan, it refers to the first land reform in Taiwan implemented when the government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan from the mainland in 1949.
The major contents of this thesis include three parts of comparison between Nicaragua and Taiwan, they are the structure and general situation in agriculture before the agrarian reform, the process, the result and the influence that the reform made. It describes the problems and arguments of the reforms respectively in Nicaragua and Taiwan afterwards.
Before the implementation of the two reforms, the unequal distribution of wealth and lands had been serious problems in both countries which depended exclusively on the agriculture as the principal source of economy. In the process, these two countries finished the agrarian reform in three stages, but they were different in four respects: the theory that they followed to practice the reforms, the means and attitude of the governments, their goals for the reforms and the external condition. After the agrarian reform, the achievement that Nicaragua could get in the agriculture, politics and economy was much less than Taiwan, even though this reform was the most successful one in the history of Nicaragua. The most evident difference between Nicaragua and Taiwan in developing economy is that Taiwan could transform the society successfully into that of industry through the agrarian reform, yet Nicaragua could not.
The adoptation of socialism was the biggest mistake in the process of nicaraguan agrarian reform. The political background provided a favorable condition for the reform, because the new government broke the relationship between land owners and ex-officials, but the reform met the disturbance from the Contras and the commercial embargo of the United States because of the socialism. Therefore, the democracy would be better for the practice of agrarian reform, the experience of Taiwan would be a good example for Nicaragua as well as the other countries i the Central America.
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