| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 日本研究所 === 83 === Normal schools used to be the main institutes for teacher-
cultivation,which have been maintaining a closed teacher-
cultiv- ation system. However,the perfunctoriness and
anachronism of the system has always being criticized,so the
voices urging for ref- ormation has also being echoed
repeatedly.Not until the promulg- ation of the "Teacher-
Cultivation Act" had our country welcomed a breakthrough which
would turn the original closed system into an open one. Japan
also maintained a closed normal educational policy be- fore W.W.
Ⅱ;normal schools were mainly public funded,elementary and
secondary school teachers were trained separately,all stude-
nts of normal schools had to undergo semi-military daily
training which revealed the government''s severe control over
teachers. After the War,the occupying Allies started to reform
the Japanese educational system methodically.The U.S.sent a
delegation of ed- ucational envoys to Japan for investigation,
which made a report later and demanded that Japan had to put an
open teacher-cultiv- ation system into practice;both public and
private universety sh- ould be qualified for teacher-
cultivation. The commencement of our normal education began in
the late Ching dynasty;all the educational system,public-funded
principle, compulsory service and the separate training systems
for element- ary and secondary school teachers were all
imitated from Japanese model has being lasted up to today.
There are three characteristics in the newly promulgated"Tea-
cher-Cultivation Act":First,all universities providing courses
are allowed undertaking teacher-cultivation;Second,after
finishing the four-year related courses,students are required
to pass the initial check to acquire the qualification as
teachers probation,then they will be qualified as formal ones
only if they pass the final check;Third,the teacher-cultivation
programs will be changed to mainly self-financed,but also
partly government or scholarship financed.
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