The Effects of Dietary Manipulation on the Body Weight, Body Composition, Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Judo Athletes

• Main Authors: Goy,Mary Christine, 魏珍珍
• Other Authors: Lee Ning-Yuean
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 1993
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84719646006134961207

碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 食品營養學系 === 82 === " 驟然減重" 的飲食方式, 以利柔道選手賽前減重, 是極普遍常見的方 法. 此方法已知對選手的健康及運動表現上有不良的影響. 本實驗的目的 即測試" 飲食調配法" , 相較於" 驟然減重法" , 使柔道選手在體重;身 體組成; 生化數值; 運動表現等的改變, 有較佳的結果, 經過2 至4 星期 的測試階段, 根據運動員能量的消耗, 受試者的每日能量攝取值維持在 負500-1000 kcal,因此初步的數值顯示受試者能量攝取並不能應付他門每 日能量的需求. 為了改善每日的攝取, 3 位受試者被建議增加能量攝取 ,而另一位受試者, 原來每日已經缺少1000 kcal 的能量攝取, 實驗建議 他的攝取熱量降低至每日500 kcal. 實驗的結果顯示, 三位受試者熱量攝 取不足量分別是在3442.7 kcal, 2117.6 kcal及2197.2 kcal,而另一位受 試者相反的增加了熱量的攝取量, 結果能量攝取不足量為765.7 kcal. 上 述的熱量攝取不足量是由每日熱量總攝取量與每日熱量消耗間的差值所計 算而得的. 雖然熱量攝取不足額高, 但在2 至4 星期的測試後, 體重只下 降 1 至 5公斤. 其中有一位受試者, 雖然是在能量攝取的負平衡下, 體 重卻增加了0.8 公斤. 經分析每日飲食組成發現, 大分子營養成份的攝食 已改善. 鐵質的攝取降低了, 維他命E 上升了, 而其他的維他命及礦物質 則有增加亦有減少. 身體組成改變的情況下, 經 2星期測試期的受試者, 體脂肪百分率上升了, 瘦肉組成百分率則下降. 而經4 星期測試的另1 位 受試者, 則體脂肪百分率呈現下降, 而瘦肉百分率組成則上升. 絕對最大 攝氧量的改變趨勢是數值上升或是些微的下降. 至於肌肉耐力數值, 則所 有受試者皆呈現下降的情況. 而疲勞數值是呈現正值, 這可能是總作功下 降所導致的. 生化數值除了2 位受試者一些血液成份的測試數值, 如紅血 球的細胞數目, hematocrit及血紅素外, 皆呈現改善的變化, 或是維持在 正常的數值範圍內. 至於尿液的分析, 低尿素氮數值的獲得是宜得懷疑 的. 由此次實驗的綜合結果顯示, " 飲食調配法" 是否優於" 驟然減重 法" 是無法成定論的. 因為並無此次受試者的" 驟然減重法" 的各項測定 數值做為對比. 但由全程 4星期的飲食調配的受試者發現, 相較於2 星期 受試者,可得到相當理想的數值變化, 這似乎呈現一種可能性, 亦即4 星 期而非 2星期的" 飲食調配限制 ", 可較" 驟然減重法 "優於做為比賽前 的預備方法. "Cutting weight" a practice common to judo athletes is known to have adverse effects on both health and performance. The aim of this studywas to see whether dietary manipulation would produce better results in changes in body weight,body composition, performance and biochemical parameters in judo athletes compared with the method of "cutting weight". During the 2 to 4 weeks experimental period, subjects induced a negative energy balance of about 500-1000 kcal. d-1 based on their total energy expenditure,since initial data showed that the subjects'' intake did not meet their total daily energy re- quirements. Results showedthat 3 subjects decreased intake and had a calorie deficit of 3442.7, 2117.6 and 2197.2 kcal.d-1. One subject however,experienced a 0.8 kg increase in body weight despite being in a state of negative energy balance. Analysis if dietary composition showed improvements in macronutrient intake. Iron intake decreased,Vit. E intake increased whereas for the other vitamins and minerals,either an increase of decrease was observed. Trends in body composition changes showed an increase in %body fat and a decrease in %lean body mass for subjects who participated for 2 weeks while the changes observed for the subject who participated for 4 weeks were a decrease in %body fat and an increase in %lean body mass. An increase if not a slight decrease in values was the trend observed for changes in absolute oxygen uptake, treadmill exhaustion time and muscle strength. However,from the results of the subject who completed the study for a total of 4 weeks, wherein ideal changes in the parameters measured were observed compared to those who only participated for 2 weeks,it may be possible that 4 weeks instead of 2 weeks of dietary restriction would be more effective when compared to the known effects of the "cutting weight" method in preparation for competition.