| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 森林學研究所 === 65 === Forest-oriented recreation has received particular attention over the past several years because of the "Multiple-object" use forest and the increase in demands for outdoor recreation.
In forest recreation planning and management decisions, five types of knowledge are needed: resource-location, historical use, economic and financial aspect, administrative-political process and behavioral information. Behavioral information is top ranked in resource management decisions, and it is the main subject of this paper.
"Recreation" is a psychophysiological experience. Within the model developed by Driver, sequences of specific type reoreation behavior are traced from: deciding on a particular uctivity, planning, traveling to, on-site engagement, traveling back, recall, and realizing satisfying experience, to gaining the ultimate benefits. These recreation behaviors are influenced by antecedent conditions, intervening condition and goal state, so that different levels of recreational experiences can exist at different locations on the recreational experiences continuum. This model can be used to facilltate the management planning of forest recreation.
The Preference-Model for the visual recreation environment which was developed by Peterson and Neumann illustrated the interrelations among environment, perception, preference and individual behaviors. The perception process plays an important frole in the model. Perception is a mind process and is analoque to connotative meanings. By studying the perception of environment we can understand how recreationists perceive the environment through a combination of what they see, smell, touch, taste or hear.
Numerous different techniques have been proposed to elicit data on individuals'' perceptions. Such as: questions, checklists, attitude statements, the semantic differential, repertory grids/personal constructs, mental map, gaming, pictorial displays, observation, and measurement of physical response. Since each method has its advantages and its drawbacks, when choosing a suitable method, consideration on its drawbacks, when choosing a suitable method, consideration on its validity, reliability and cost should be made.
The visual qualities of forest landscape are source of stimulation and enjoyment. In forest landscape management, we must study recreationists'' aesthetic preference.
Twalve pairs of forest trees representing three classes of timber quality were selected from each of three trails in Chi-Tou forest recreation area. Each trail has its own species. Recreationists are asked to choose the preferred tree between each pair of trees and indicate the reason of preference by using the checklists method. The results of chi-square analysis indicates that aesthetical quality of forest tree is highly related to its timber quality. Eight reasons for preference are trunk looks more straighter, trunk looks larger and rounder, trunk looks longer, the amenity of background is more charming, trunk looks more balanced, trunk looks less leaner, the height of forking and the number of branches, Some drawbacks in this research are discussed and some suggestions for improvement are written for future studies.
Six forest stands were selected from Chi-Tou forest recreation area in order to use semantic differential method for understanding the recreatinists'' perception of forest and determine the public''s view of the meaning of forest. The results of graphic analysis of SD method indicate that recreationists are attracted by forest landscape which can satisfy their needs of pursuit of status, solitude, quiet, and stability. We came to the conclusion that development of forest-oriented recreation should be emphasized. Factor analysis is used to extract four factor dimensions which account for 68.7% of the variance of the forest landscape. They are "emotion Factor (percentage of variance: 34.6%), "structure-order factor (percentage of variance: 14.4%), ""value factor (percentage of variance: 22.8%), and "planning-nature" factor (percentage of variance: 15.5%). Each factor dimension is constructed by several pairs of adjectives. The following suggestions can be made by the results of this study:
1.Maidenhair tree stand: It should not be planted in the forest land beside the trails, and had better be planted in arboretum, although it is a rare species.
2.Taiwan red cypress stand: It should be adopted by forest manager to plant in general forest recreation area.
3.Mon-Chou bamboo stand: Its plantation area should be increased because most recreationists appreciated it.
4.Young japanese fir stand: It is of little importance to appreciation, so that we should keep recreationists'' use area away from it.
5.Middle-aged japanese fir stand: Suggestion made on this stand is the same as that of young japanese fir stand.
6.Old japanese fir stand: It is rich in academical nature and it becomes the special feature of Chi-Tou. It should be retained.
The results of SD method has its drawbacks to be improved. For example, pay attention to the sampling of respondents, the sampling of stands, and the varying seasons. Besides, we should apple enviornment psychlogy to quantify the effect of environment on recreationists'' perception in order to facilitate decision on whether changes in forest environment are desirable.
Some suggestions of this research on recreationists'' behavior, preference and perception are derived as follows:
1.To develop alternative techniques of measuring and evaluating the behavioral information.
2.To extend the measurement of recreationists'' behavior information to whole recreation activities/experience and across all social and economic status.
3.To extend the application of recreationists'' behavior information to management implements selection.
4.To apply the forest recreational management researoh findings to the forest recreational management decision process.
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