Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition of Hybrid and Reverse Fluorosilicones

• Main Author: Conrad, Michael Perry Cyrus
• Other Authors: Shoichet, Molly
• Language: en_ca
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: fluorosilicone; decomposition; polymer; synthesis; fluoropolymer; supercritical carbon dioxide; chlorotrifluoroethylene; vinyl acetate; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; flammability; thermal; thermo-oxidative; 0542
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19036

Traditional fluorosilicones contain a siloxane backbone and pendant fluorinated group leading to low temperature ductility and excellent thermal stability. However, acidic or basic catalysts can reduce the thermal stability from a potential 350 °C to 150 °C. The predominant decomposition mechanism is through chain scission and it is hypothesized that preventing this will result in polymers with higher thermal stability. Three approaches were taken to prevent chain scission. First, a series of hybrid fluorosilicones based on (trifluorovinyl)benzene were synthesized through condensation polymerization with initial decomposition temperatures of approximately 240 °C. These were compared to similar aromatic polyethers and removal of the ether oxygen lowered the initial decomposition temperature by approximately 190 °C demonstrating the importance of this oxygen to the stability of polyethers. Second, reverse fluorosilicone (fluorinated backbone and pendant siloxane) terpolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinyl acetate (VAc) and methacryloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSMA) were synthesized in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) or by emulsion polymerization. Chain scission was prevented as initial decomposition occurred between 231 and 278 °C. In both the emulsion and scCO2 cases, VAc was essential in facilitating cross-propagation between CTFE and PDMSMA and the branching was similar suggesting polymerization media does not affect polymer structure. Emulsion-based polymers had higher molar masses and thermal stability whereas comparable scCO2 polymers had higher yields and incorporated more PDMSMA. Third, a series of homo-, co-, and terpolymers of CTFE, VAc and methacryloxypropyl-terminated silsesquioxane (POSSMA) were synthesized representing the first synthesis of POSSMA containing polymers in scCO2 and demonstrating reverse fluorosilicones can be synthesized without VAc. Chain scission was prevented as initial decomposition occurred from 244 to 296 °C with thermal stability increasing with CTFE content to a limit. Decomposition of the polymers was examined and mechanism elucidated. In air, the copolymers give 40 to 47 wt% char since the silsesquioxane oxidizes to SiO2 while in N2, no residue is seen. In contrast, the terpolymers give a carbonaceous residue of approximately 20 wt% in N2. The flammability and surface properties of the polymers were examined with the terpolymers having flammability similar to p(CTFE) and surface properties comparable to p(POSSMA) giving a low-flammability, hydrophobic polymer.