Clustering of galaxies: evolution, segregation and baryon acoustic oscillations

In this thesis, we tackle several open problems in the study of large-scale structure through the clustering of galaxies. To this end, we analyse data from some of the latest surveys, and we also develop new statistical techniques needed for this analysis in specific cases. In the first part, we...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Arnalte Mur, Pablo
Other Authors: Fernández Soto, Alberto
Format: Doctoral Thesis
Language:English
Published: Universitat de València 2011
Subjects:
52
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81882
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:isbn:9788437088440
Description
Summary:In this thesis, we tackle several open problems in the study of large-scale structure through the clustering of galaxies. To this end, we analyse data from some of the latest surveys, and we also develop new statistical techniques needed for this analysis in specific cases. In the first part, we focus on small and intermediate scales, where the relation between galaxy properties and their clustering (known as segregation) is important. The work in this part is driven by the exploitation of data from the ongoing Advanced Large Homogeneous Area Medium-Band Redshift Astronomical (ALHAMBRA) survey, which is perfectly suited to study the evolution of segregation trough cosmic time. We developed a method for the recovery of the real-space clustering from photometric surveys with the characteristics of ALHAMBRA. This method is based on the use of the projected correlation function, and is adapted to data with typical photometric redshift errors Dz < 0.015(1+z). We tested the method using N-body simulations, and then applied it to the calculation of the correlation function for several samples drawn from the ALHAMBRA survey. We divided our sample in three redshift bins, and selected several galaxy samples in each of them based on B-band luminosity. In the range of scales studied, the correlation function for all samples was well fitted by a power law. We observed as well the effects of evolution, and of luminosity segregation. We also reviewed the basic tools available in the framework of the statistics of marked point processes to study galaxy segregation. We illustrated their application using a galaxy sample drawn from the 2dFGRS, characterised by a spectral classification parameter. We introduced the mark connection function, showing that it gives valuable information when analysing different galaxy populations defined by some set of galaxy characteristics. In the second part, we focus on the study of a large scale feature of the galaxy distribution, the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). We measured the two-point correlation function for several samples drawn from the largest surveys to date, 2dFGRS and SDSS. We obtained a peak corresponding to BAO at the expected scale in all cases, which shows the reliability of the detection of this feature. Finally, we developed a new method for the analysis of the BAO phenomenon. This method makes use of the possibilities of wavelets methods to look for the actual structures in configuration space which are responsible for the BAO. It is also based on the use of two complementary mass tracers, and we illustrated it using a catalogue formed by 'Main' and Luminous Red Galaxy samples from SDSS. In this way, we showed how we were able not only to detect BAO in the samples, but also to localise regions giving lower or higher BAO signal. This kind of information is completely lost when using the traditional two-point statistics methods. === En aquesta tesi, estudiem diferents problemes oberts en l'estudi de l'estructura a gran escala mitjançant l'agrupament de les galàxies. Per aquest fi, analitzem dades provinents de diversos cartografiats, i desenvolupem noves tècniques estadístiques necessàries per aquesta anàlisi en casos específics. En la primera part, ens centrem en escales petites i intermèdies. El treball en aquesta part està dirigit a l'explotació de les dades del cartografiat Advanced Large Homogeneous Area Medium-Band Redshift Astronomical (ALHAMBRA) survey, que és apropiat per l'estudi de l'evolució de la segregació amb el temps còsmic. Desenvolupem un mètode per la recuperació de la funció de correlació en l'espai real a partir de cartografiats fotomètrics com ALHAMBRA. Provem aquest mètode emprant simulacions, i posteriorment l'apliquem al càlcul de la funció de correlació per diferents mostres del cartografiat ALHAMBRA, seleccionades en funció del redshift i la lluminositat. Obtenim que la funció de correlació de les diferents mostres es comporta com una llei de potències, i s'observen els efectes de l'evolució i de la segregació per lluminositat. També examinem les eines bàsiques disponibles en el formalisme de l'estadística de marques per a l'estudi de la segregació de galàxies, i il•lustrem la seua aplicació emprant dades del cartografiat 2dFGRS. En la segona part, ens centrem en l'estudi d'una característica de la distribució de galàxies a gran escala, les oscil•lacions acústiques bariòniques (BAO). Mesurem la funció de correlació per diferents mostres dels cartografiats 2dFGRS i SDSS, obtenint un pic corresponent a les BAO a l'escala esperada en tots els casos, el que mostra la fiabilitat de la detecció. Finalment, desenvolupem un nou mètode per l'anàlisi de les BAO, basat en un mètode d'ondetes per cercar les estructures responsables per les BAO en l'espai de configuració. Il•lustrem el funcionament del mètode emprant una mostra del SDSS, i mostrem com no només podem detectar les BAO en la mostra, sinó també localitzar les regions que donen un menor o major senyal de les BAO.