| Summary: | <p> Mindfulness-based interventions are becoming increasingly popular with clinicians and researchers. While there is a rapidly increasing number of mindfulness-based intervention outcomes reported in scientific journals of medicine and psychology (Burke, 2010; Krasner, 2004), the descriptions and definitions of mindfulness are not entirely consistent across investigators (Brown, Ryan, & Creswell, 2007; Williams, 2010), and do not lend themselves to scientific analysis (Hayes & Shenk, 2004). A behavior-analytic approach to this subject may provide the foundation for a scientific analysis of mindfulness phenomena. For example, Diller and Lattal (2008) suggested that mindful behavior might be shaped by the methods that Ray (1969) used to demonstrate the acquisition of selective attention with rhesus monkeys. Thus, the present investigation replicated the methods used by Ray (1969) with verbally sophisticated human participants and discusses the findings as they relate to a behavior analytic interpretation of mindfulness phenomena.</p>
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