The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	White, Eliah
Language:	English
Published:	University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK 2012
Subjects:	Psychology distance perception effort recalibration embodied perception
Online Access:	http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342463538

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spelling	ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-ucin13424635382021-08-03T06:15:48Z The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception White, Eliah Psychology distance perception effort recalibration embodied perception Four experiments investigated how distance perception is influenced by multimodally specified effort (MSE)—the volume of oxygen consumed to traverse an optically specified distance. A virtual-reality treadmill environment was utilized. For the first half of an experimental trial (standard phase), participants were instructed to walk a target distance (visible in the display initially) and then asked to reproduce that distance (reporting phase). Experiment 1 evaluated whether systematic increases in the effort involved in walking would increase distance reports by having participants walk during the reporting phase with mass added to their body in either different positions on the body (1a) or different magnitudes on the ankles (1b). Participants perceived distances to be further with added mass at the ankles compared to a backpack and no added mass. In Experiment 1b, two matched magnitudes of MSE were achieved by manipulating weight (5% and 10% of body weight was added) and grade of inclination (two magnitudes that match the ankle weight values in terms of MSE). Perceived distance was significantly greater only in the 10% conditions relative to the control condition. Previous research has suggested the informational basis for perceived distance involves the symmetry of gait during the measurement and report phases. Experiment 2 addressed this by controlling for the effort associated with gait symmetry. The experimental conditions involved a gallop walk (GW) gait and identical changes in MSE as that produced by GW gait via the addition of ankle weights and by changing optic flow rate. As predicted, the matched MSE values produced increased distance reports compared to the control condition. In Experiment 3, participants wore foam shoes that increased walking effort. The increased MSE value achieved with foam shoes was matched with a lower optic flow rate to produce two distance estimation trials that were equivalent in terms of MSE. As predicted, distance reports were greater while wearing foam shoes and in the reduced optic flow rate condition and those influences were statistically equivalent to one another. Visual-motor recalibration influences on perceived distance reported via blind walking are typically attributed to internal models (cognitive models hypothesized to be used when vision is no longer available) that determine reported walking distance based on the corresponding optical distance established by the calibration between the two (e.g., Loomis & Beall 2004). Experiment 4 investigated the general utility of an internal model account of distance perception compared to MSE. Parameters (increased walking rate, grade and ankle weights) were manipulated during the standard phase of the trial and during the reporting phase, eyes were closed. However, there were no significant differences across any of the conditions suggesting a manipulation during the standard phase may not affect perceived distance in the same fashion as manipulations during the reporting phase. This set of experiments provides further evidence that a multimodal variable such as MSE may provide greater explanatory power and provide prior predictions about changes in perceived distance based on actual effort than either internal models or existing theoretical accounts of action-related distance perception. 2012-10-16 English text University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342463538 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342463538 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws.
collection	NDLTD
language	English
sources	NDLTD
topic	Psychology distance perception effort recalibration embodied perception
spellingShingle	Psychology distance perception effort recalibration embodied perception White, Eliah The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
author	White, Eliah
author_facet	White, Eliah
author_sort	White, Eliah
title	The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
title_short	The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
title_full	The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
title_fullStr	The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
title_full_unstemmed	The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
title_sort	role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception
publisher	University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK
publishDate	2012
url	http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342463538
work_keys_str_mv	AT whiteeliah theroleofmultimodallyspecifiedeffortinactionrelevantdistanceperception AT whiteeliah roleofmultimodallyspecifiedeffortinactionrelevantdistanceperception
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The role of multimodally specified effort in action-relevant distance perception

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