Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Luedeker, Christopher Craig
Language:	English
Published:	University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK 2009
Subjects:	SWAs SOR oil
Online Access:	http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243355929

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spelling	ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-ucin12433559292021-08-03T06:13:23Z Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate Luedeker, Christopher Craig SWAs SOR oil <p>Chemical countermeasures used to treat oil spills are described under the National Contingency Plan (NCP). Currently, there are protocols in place to test bioremediation agents, dispersants and other chemical agents but there is no standardized protocol to test the effectiveness of surface washing agents. Surface washing agents (SWAs) can be used following an oil spill event to enhance the removal of stranded oil from shorelines and other surfaces. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a testing protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of SWAs in the laboratory. This thesis describes the optimization of the Natural Substrate Protocol (Koran, 2007) for use with a heavy weight oil, IFO 180. Work was also conducted to examine the effects of temperature and salinity on the efficiency of SWAs. This thesis also examines the dispersion effects of six SWAs, using the baffled flask test. Finally, SWA efficiencies were compared when diluted in freshwater (de-ionized water) or seawater.</p><p>Findings suggest that both temperature and salinity play a large role in the efficiency of SWAs. The baffled flask tests showed that the six SWAs had some dispersion properties. The recoveries varied, but one had a dispersion efficiency over the minimum required to be listed as a dispersant. This test should be conducted as a prerequisite for listing SWAs on the NCP Product Schedule. When the SWAs were first diluted by freshwater or seawater, a significant difference was observed among several of the treatments in terms of surface washing effectiveness, but since the difference in recoveries between the treatments were under 5%, this was deemed insignificant for real world application. This research examined several variables that should be accounted for when evaluating SWAs to be listed on the Product Schedule.</p><p>Chapter 1 of this thesis describes the recently developed protocol for testing SWAs. Chapter 2 describes the methods and materials used for examining the heavier weight oil. This chapter also discusses the test oils, SWAs, the substrates, wash water, and results from the Baffled Flask Test (BFT). Chapter 3 discusses the findings of the BFT, the dilution experiments, and how temperature affected the efficiency of the SWAs. Chapter 4 introduces the fractional factorial experiment conducted to narrow down the most significant factors affecting the protocol and evaluates the findings from it. Chapter 5 examines the utility of the findings in the development of a standardized testing protocol for SWAs and recommends future work needed.</p> 2009-08-04 English text University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243355929 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243355929 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws.
collection	NDLTD
language	English
sources	NDLTD
topic	SWAs SOR oil
spellingShingle	SWAs SOR oil Luedeker, Christopher Craig Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
author	Luedeker, Christopher Craig
author_facet	Luedeker, Christopher Craig
author_sort	Luedeker, Christopher Craig
title	Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
title_short	Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
title_full	Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
title_fullStr	Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
title_sort	development of a surface washing agent protocol: effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate
publisher	University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK
publishDate	2009
url	http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243355929
work_keys_str_mv	AT luedekerchristophercraig developmentofasurfacewashingagentprotocoleffectoftemperatureandsalinityontherecoveryofheavyweightoilfromsubstrate
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Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate

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