Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect
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The Ohio State University / OhioLINK
2017
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| Online Access: | http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791 |
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ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-osu15002560461717912021-08-03T07:03:22Z Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth Political Science United Nations peacekeeping mission mandates Responsibility to Protect human security civilian victimization one-sided violence sexual violence armed conflict Do international organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), help or harm human security in armed conflict zones? In recent decades, the UN Security Council has incorporated elements of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) into the mandates (or tasks) it assigns missions, with the goal of building human security by preventing civilian victimization. Despite this aspiration, missions with these mandates are often associated with increased violence against civilians by rebels and governments. Chapter 1 introduces this puzzle and Chapter 2 outlines a theory for understanding it. I argue that UN missions with R2P mandates inadvertently endanger civilians by design. R2P mandates direct the focus of UN missions towards the issue of civilian victimization, providing rebels and governments with attention they might otherwise not receive so readily for victimizing civilians. In so doing, missions with R2P mandates inadvertently prompt desperate rebels and governments to escalate their use of violence against civilians in order to signal their resolve to wage continued, bloody warfare. However, when rebels and governments are not desperate, UN missions with R2P mandates can convince them to reduce their use of violence against civilians. Having outlined this theory in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 presents a research design for testing it, describing all of the data and methods used in this dissertation. This includes existing data on one-sided and sexual violence, as well as original data on UN peacekeeping mandates.Using these data, Chapter 4 explores how UN missions with R2P mandates have evolved over time and demonstrates that such mandates correspond to a distinct class of UN mission, rather than serving solely as lip service to modern-day norms. Having done that, I provide case-level evidence from Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo showing that MONUC, a UN mission with an R2P mandate, was associated with the expected changes in civilian victimization by the Lord’s Resistance Army, Allied Democratic Forces, and the Congolese government. Chapter 5 follows with an empirical analysis of the impact of UN missions with R2P mandates on one-sided violence by governments and rebels. I find that, when deployed to conflict-zones in which rebels and governments are desperate, UN missions with R2P mandates are associated with increased one-sided violence against civilians by these warring parties. This stands in contrast to when rebels are succeeding in battle and when governments are faced with long conflicts or especially violent rebel opponents. When UN missions with R2P mandates are deployed to such conflicts, they successfully deter rebel and government one-sided violence against civilians. In Chapter 6, I look beyond one-sided violence to another common form of violence against civilians: sexual violence. Following a discussion of existing explanations for this form of violence, I generate and test theoretical expectations regarding the impact of UN missions with R2P mandates on sexual violence by rebels and governments. Chapter 7 concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of this dissertation and outlines plans for future research. 2017-12-07 English text The Ohio State University / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws. |
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NDLTD |
| language |
English |
| sources |
NDLTD |
| topic |
Political Science United Nations peacekeeping mission mandates Responsibility to Protect human security civilian victimization one-sided violence sexual violence armed conflict |
| spellingShingle |
Political Science United Nations peacekeeping mission mandates Responsibility to Protect human security civilian victimization one-sided violence sexual violence armed conflict Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect |
| author |
Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth |
| author_facet |
Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth |
| author_sort |
Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth |
| title |
Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect |
| title_short |
Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect |
| title_full |
Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect |
| title_fullStr |
Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect |
| title_sort |
mandating (in)security: how un missions endanger the civilians they intend to protect |
| publisher |
The Ohio State University / OhioLINK |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT lloydgabriellaelizabeth mandatinginsecurityhowunmissionsendangerthecivilianstheyintendtoprotect |
| _version_ |
1719452767511117824 |