Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine
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2006
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ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-osu14092299562021-08-03T06:27:26Z Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine Skidmore, Faith Amanda Pathology <p> Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. RSV has been implicated as a major viral co-pathogen with three members of the normal microbial flora in clinical otitis media (OM). Due to an ineffective natural immunity to RSV, infections recur throughout life, as does OM. An effective RSV vaccine that could prevent reinfection would also protect against the large percentage of OM cases that can be attributed to RSV. We have developed a chimeric viral vaccine candidate, NDV-F, using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as a vector to deliver RSV-F protein. NDV replicates only in avian species but induces a strong IFN-a/ß response in mammals and mammalian cell lines. Natural RSV infection is a poor inducer of Type I IFN, which may partly explain its poor immunogenicity. Previous studies using this vaccine candidate were successful in protecting the lower respiratory tract of the murine model from wt-RSV infection. Using a chinchilla animal model of OM, we wished to investigate susceptibility to primary RSV infection, and if successful, also demonstrate the efficacy of the murine vaccine candidate in the chinchilla host. Two cohorts of three chinchillas each were used in this proof-of-concept study. We primed the animals with NDV or NDV-F, then challenged with wt-RSV. Middle ear pressure (MEP) was used as an indicator of inflammation and infection in the uppermost airway. Nasopharyngeal (NP) lavage samples were collected following each infection. NP lavage samples were titered via plaque assays. Virus titers following RSV challenge were decreased by two logs in NDV-F primed compared to NDV primed animals. This is consistent with additional data showing that an abnormal under-pressured middle ear state was more common in the cohort that received priming with NDV, compared to those primed with NDV-F. Therefore, we conclude that the NDV-F vaccine candidate appears to confer protection against wt-RSV infection in the susceptible chinchilla host. Further studies are needed to determine whether this vaccine candidate can also protect against bacterial OM in a superinfection model.</p> 2006 English text The Ohio State University / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409229956 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409229956 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws. |
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NDLTD |
| language |
English |
| sources |
NDLTD |
| topic |
Pathology |
| spellingShingle |
Pathology Skidmore, Faith Amanda Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| author |
Skidmore, Faith Amanda |
| author_facet |
Skidmore, Faith Amanda |
| author_sort |
Skidmore, Faith Amanda |
| title |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| title_short |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| title_full |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| title_fullStr |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| title_sort |
respiratory syncytial virus: the testing of a new candidate vaccine |
| publisher |
The Ohio State University / OhioLINK |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| url |
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409229956 |
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AT skidmorefaithamanda respiratorysyncytialvirusthetestingofanewcandidatevaccine |
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