The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes
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The Ohio State University / OhioLINK
2009
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| Online Access: | http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259618021 |
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ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-osu12596180212021-08-03T05:57:37Z The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes Headings, Amy Driscoll Health Education Nutrition Public Health goal setting theory goal difficulty glycemic index type 2 diabetes self-efficacy <p>Epidemiologic evidence suggests that low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes and associated comorbidities. Goal setting theory postulates that increasing goal difficulty should increase self-efficacy and performance. However, there are no studies implementing goal setting theory in a population with type 2 diabetes to help lower the overall GI of the diet. This study randomized adults with type 2 diabetes to two groups; either a diet with an easier goal of consuming 6 low GI food servings/day (the 6 group) or a diet with a more difficult goal of consuming 8 low GI food servings/day (the 8 group). We hypothesized individuals assigned to the 8 group would have greater changes in overall dietary GI/GL, measures of glycemic (HbA<sub>1C</sub>) and weight control, goal satisfaction, and potential mediating variables (goal commitment and self-efficacy). Adults aged 40-65 with diagnoses of type 2 diabetes ≥ 1 year completed the study (n = 35). Participants met in groups with the study dietitian for 5 weekly lessons about GI and self-monitoring. After the nutrition intervention, participants were randomized to the easier or more difficult goal and entered a period of self-monitoring for approximately 8 weeks. Outcomes of interest were measured at baseline, following nutrition education, following goal assignment and at study end. </p><p>At baseline there were no significant differences in any of the outcome measures between groups or between those who did or did not complete the intervention. Within group (mean ± SD) reductions in GI and GL for the 6 group were (GI = -6.78 ± 5.92; GL = -37.38 ± 38.01; p<0.01) and for the 8 group were (GI = -4.56 ± 4.19; GL = -38.52 ± 35.64; p<0.001). Within group changes (all p<0.05) in energy, carbohydrate (% of energy and total grams), total and insoluble fiber, added sugars, calcium, vitamin C, β-carotene and magnesium were noted in the 6 or the 8 group. Within group increases in total low GI food servings for the 6 group were (1.73 ± 3.17 servings; p<0.05) and for the 8 group were (1.85 ± 3.04 servings; p<0.05). Small weight losses were noted for both groups; reductions in HbA<sub>1C</sub> were 0.38 ± 1.25 % in the 6 group and 0.73 ± 1.28 % (p<0.05) in the 8 group. Self efficacy for making lower GI food choices increased in both groups over the course of the study (all p<0.05); correlation analyses revealed that with increasing goal difficulty, commitment decreased in both treatment groups. When grouped by commitment, greater changes (p≤0.05) in energy, % energy from protein and GL were noted for those with higher commitment. The results from this study illustrate that implementing the components of goal setting theory in combination with a low GI diet can facilitate beneficial dietary change, weight loss and improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Future research should focus on determining individualized, appropriately difficult goals and building commitment for dietary behavior change.</p> 2009 English text The Ohio State University / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259618021 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259618021 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws. |
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NDLTD |
| language |
English |
| sources |
NDLTD |
| topic |
Health Education Nutrition Public Health goal setting theory goal difficulty glycemic index type 2 diabetes self-efficacy |
| spellingShingle |
Health Education Nutrition Public Health goal setting theory goal difficulty glycemic index type 2 diabetes self-efficacy Headings, Amy Driscoll The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| author |
Headings, Amy Driscoll |
| author_facet |
Headings, Amy Driscoll |
| author_sort |
Headings, Amy Driscoll |
| title |
The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| title_short |
The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| title_full |
The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| title_fullStr |
The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| title_sort |
effect of goal difficulty on self-efficacy, dietary intake and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| publisher |
The Ohio State University / OhioLINK |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| url |
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259618021 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT headingsamydriscoll theeffectofgoaldifficultyonselfefficacydietaryintakeandclinicaloutcomesinadultswithtype2diabetes AT headingsamydriscoll effectofgoaldifficultyonselfefficacydietaryintakeandclinicaloutcomesinadultswithtype2diabetes |
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