A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species
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Kent State University / OhioLINK
2017
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| Online Access: | http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent150119405323774 |
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ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-kent1501194053237742021-08-03T07:03:35Z A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species Lawrentz, Heather Physical Anthropology Paleontology Developmental Biology There has been much debate in the field of physical anthropology concerning the evolution of the hominoid wrist and it’s implications for the type of locomotion preceding bipedalism. This study examines characteristics of hominoid carpometacarpal joints four and five noted in the literature as being specifically adapted for the purpose of reducing mobility at these locations, and thus, promoting wrist stability during the support phase of knuckle-walking. These characteristics may instead be a result of the differential growth of the cartilage anlagen in response to mechanical stimuli acting on the joints during development. Size and shape of carpometacarpal joints four and five are analyzed in relation to weight distribution and patterns of use during ontogeny. Behavioral studies have demonstrated different weight distribution patterns and wrist postures adopted by <i>Pan troglodytes</i> and <i>Gorilla gorilla</i>. Therefore, these genera are used to test one tenet of the chondral modeling theory, which states that joints experiencing heavier loads will grow to be larger than joints experiencing lesser loads. The study also includes analyses of <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>, <i>Papio ursinus</i>, <i>Papio cynocephalus</i>, <i>Papio hamadryas</i>, and <i>Homo sapiens</i> in order to compare findings in the context of a range of locomotor repertoires, both primitive and derived. <i>Pan</i> and <i>Gorilla</i> exhibit the expected differences of hamate facet sizes given prerecorded weight distribution patterns, although it is noted that the effect size is small. In addition to affecting joint size, chondral modeling also guides the development of joint contours. A qualitative analysis is conducted on the shapes of the hamate facets and on the fourth and fifth metacarpals. The results reveal a high degree of variation among the <i>Gorilla</i> sample, which is attributed to Type 5 Trait origins (as defined by Lovejoy et al. 1999). Selection for large, distally projecting hamuli in the great apes, in response to vertical climbing and suspensory locomotion, preadapted the hominoid wrist for the stability later engaged during knuckle-walking. The specific contours of the carpometacarpal joints are guided by chondral modeling in response to the surrounding stabilizing musculature. 2017-07-28 English text Kent State University / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent150119405323774 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent150119405323774 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws. |
| collection |
NDLTD |
| language |
English |
| sources |
NDLTD |
| topic |
Physical Anthropology Paleontology Developmental Biology |
| spellingShingle |
Physical Anthropology Paleontology Developmental Biology Lawrentz, Heather A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species |
| author |
Lawrentz, Heather |
| author_facet |
Lawrentz, Heather |
| author_sort |
Lawrentz, Heather |
| title |
A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species |
| title_short |
A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species |
| title_full |
A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species |
| title_fullStr |
A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Comparative Analysis of Carpometacarpal Joints Four and Five in Various Hominoid and Cercopithecoid Species |
| title_sort |
comparative analysis of carpometacarpal joints four and five in various hominoid and cercopithecoid species |
| publisher |
Kent State University / OhioLINK |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent150119405323774 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT lawrentzheather acomparativeanalysisofcarpometacarpaljointsfourandfiveinvarioushominoidandcercopithecoidspecies AT lawrentzheather comparativeanalysisofcarpometacarpaljointsfourandfiveinvarioushominoidandcercopithecoidspecies |
| _version_ |
1719452698865041408 |