Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models

Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Snigdha, Kirti
Language:English
Published: University of Dayton / OhioLINK 2020
Subjects:
Biology
Biomedical Research
Immunology
Molecular Biology
Oncology
Genetics
Experiments
Cancer
Inflammation
Glioma
Signaling pathway
Yki
Online Access:http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591210557481631
id ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-dayton1591210557481631
record_format oai_dc
collection NDLTD
language English
sources NDLTD
topic Biology
Biomedical Research
Immunology
Molecular Biology
Oncology
Genetics
Experiments
Cancer
Inflammation
Glioma
Signaling pathway
Yki
spellingShingle Biology
Biomedical Research
Immunology
Molecular Biology
Oncology
Genetics
Experiments
Cancer
Inflammation
Glioma
Signaling pathway
Yki
Snigdha, Kirti
Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models
author Snigdha, Kirti
author_facet Snigdha, Kirti
author_sort Snigdha, Kirti
title Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models
title_short Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models
title_full Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models
title_fullStr Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models
title_full_unstemmed Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models
title_sort study of tumor development using <i> drosophila melanogaster </i> models
publisher University of Dayton / OhioLINK
publishDate 2020
url http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591210557481631
work_keys_str_mv AT snigdhakirti studyoftumordevelopmentusingidrosophilamelanogasterimodels
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spelling ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-dayton15912105574816312021-08-03T07:15:11Z Study of Tumor Development Using <I> Drosophila melanogaster </I> Models Snigdha, Kirti Biology Biomedical Research Immunology Molecular Biology Oncology Genetics Experiments Cancer Inflammation Glioma Signaling pathway Yki The interaction between the tumor cells and the surrounding normal cells constitutes the Tumor microenvironment (TME). The Toll-like Receptor (TLR), Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) produce inflammatory components in the TME and are thought to play a critical role in tumor survival and progression. However, the exact nature and mechanism of interactions within the TME remain poorly understood. These core inflammatory pathways are conserved in <I>Drosophila</I>. As 90% of tumors are epithelial in origin, we used an epithelial tumor model in the wing imaginal discs of <I>Drosophila melanogaster </I> to study the interaction of these key inflammatory pathways in the TME. We established a new TME model by creating FLP-out clones of oncogenic forms of <I>Yki</I> or <I>Ras<SUP>V12 </SUP></I> in polarity deficient (scribble mutant) cells marked by GFP surrounded by normal cells. These mosaic clones allow us to test changes in intercellular and signaling interactions within the tumor, surrounding its microenvironment and in distant normal cells. We hypothesized that crosstalk between the TLR and TNF pathways in the TME promotes tumor survival and progression through JNK pathway. We observed <I>Drosophila</I> IκB Cactus (TLR component) is upregulated in the tumor cells and downregulating Cactus negatively affect tumor growth (JNK expression) and invasion (JNK target, MMP1 expression). The genetic epistasis experiments between JNK and TNF revealed that downregulation of the TNF receptors in the tumor does not affect the metastatic abilities of the tumor cells. Further, we report Hippo pathway effector, Yki as the ultimate regulator, that transcriptionally regulates Cactus expression which in turn mediates tumor promoting JNK signaling in the tumor cells. We also studied the tumorigenesis in the <I>Drosophila</I> glioma model generated by co-activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Glioma is an aggressive form of adult brain tumor with poor prognosis due to recurrence of tumor after surgery and radiation treatment. To understand the effect of radiation on glioma, we exposed the glioma to 3.5 Gy of X-ray and observed delayed growth, reduced brain lobe size, and proliferation, yet the exposed larvae did not have any survival advantage and were pupal lethal. Further, the recurrence of glioma after radiation has been associated with presence of glioma stem-like cells. Our collaborator, Dr. I Nakano’s group observed CD109 (<I>Drosophila</I> Tep1) protein is expressed by the surviving tumor cells after radiation treatment which transformed into aggressive and radioresistant tumor cells. Using mammalian and <I>Drosophila</I> models, we confirmed an evolutionarily conserved role of CD109 in glioma progression. Exposure of glioma to ionizing radiation led to transcription of CD109 by activated NF-κB and silencing of CD109 repressed transcription of TAZ. Downregulation of Tep1 in the <I>Drosophila</I> glioma model showed reduction in glioma size, proliferation and reduced Yki expression. Overall, our research helped to unravel the intricate interactions between key signaling pathways that promote tumor progression in an in vivo model. These insights can be extrapolated to mammalian system and further our understanding of tumorigenesis and designing new therapeutics. 2020-06-22 English text University of Dayton / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591210557481631 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591210557481631 restricted--full text unavailable until 2022-05-09 This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws.

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