| Summary: | The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a complex and comprehensive system consisting of numerous nerves outside the human brain and spinal cord [1]. The major function of PNS is to connect organs and limbs with the central nervous system (CNS) [1]. Each year, 200,000 patients in the USA are treated surgically for PNS injuries caused by stretch and compression injuries, trauma and other surgical procedures [2]. The transplantation of autologous nerve grafts is the gold standard for connecting nerve gaps that are a maximum of 5 mm in length [3]. However, the availability of donor nerves with appropriate length is extremely limited, the harvested donor nerves may mismatch the size of injured nerve, and an additional surgical site with associated risks is required.
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