Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells

Microglia are myeloid cells that are long-term residents of the central nervous system (CNS). The active lesions in the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS) show a heterogeneous array of myeloid cells, derived from recruitment of microglia and from infiltration of blood-derived cells. The central theme of...

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Main Author: Lambert, Caroline
Other Authors: Jack P Antel (Supervisor)
Format: Others
Language:en
Published: McGill University 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92238
id ndltd-LACETR-oai-collectionscanada.gc.ca-QMM.92238
record_format oai_dc
collection NDLTD
language en
format Others
sources NDLTD
topic Health Sciences - Immunology
spellingShingle Health Sciences - Immunology
Lambert, Caroline
Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
description Microglia are myeloid cells that are long-term residents of the central nervous system (CNS). The active lesions in the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS) show a heterogeneous array of myeloid cells, derived from recruitment of microglia and from infiltration of blood-derived cells. The central theme of this thesis relates to the distinct properties of myeloid cells and how they participate to the MS disease process. We investigated in vitro properties of microglia derived from the human CNS using blood-derived monocytes as well as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages as comparators. First, we examined the ability of microglia to acquire myeloid DC properties. Monocytes differentiated with granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-4 and subsequently activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), developed the phenotype and function of stimulatory DCs. Similarly treated adult microglia displayed few markers associated with DC phenotype, had reduced ability to sustain CD4 T cell alloreactive responses and produced IL-10. These data suggest that microglia may selectively contribute to an anti- versus pro-inflammatory response. We next examined the migration response of monocytes, macrophages and microglia to extracellular ATP and to the chemokine CCL2. Using a trans-well migration assay, we found that human microglia migration was enhanced in the presence of ATP but not CCL2. Monocyte migration was also enhanced with CCL2 and low concentrations of ATP, however, high concentrations of ATP decreased their basal migration. ATP had only an inhibitory effect on macrophage migration and CCL2 had no effect. These data demonstrate that there can be selective recruitment of distinct myeloid cell subsets to injury sites. Finally, we studied whether the cytokine response of microglia could be modulated by FTY720, a CNS-permeable immunomodulatory agent in clinical trials for MS. The production of IL-12 by adult microglia stimulated with === Les microglies sont des cellules myeloïdes qui résident au sein du système nerveux central (SNC). Les lésions actives du SNC caractéristiques de la sclérose en plaque (SP) contiennent un mélange hétérogène de cellules myeloïdes, provenant de l'activation des microglies ainsi que de l'infiltration de cellules sanguines. Le thème de cette thèse est l'étude des propriétés particulières de chacun des types de cellules myeloïdes. Nous avons caractérisé les propriétés in vitro des microglies provenant du SNC humain par rapport à celles des cellules myeloïdes sanguines – soit les monocytes, ainsi que les macrophages et cellules dendritiques (CDs) provenant de monocytes. Tout d'abord, nous avons examiné la capacité des microglies d'acquérir les propriétés de CDs. Lorsque que des monocytes sont différenciés en utilisant le facteur stimulant de colonies macrophages-granulocytes (GM-CSF) en combinaison avec de l'interleukine (IL)-4 et que ce procédé est suivi d'une activation avec de la lipopolysaccharide (LPS), les monocytes acquièrent les attributs et fonctions de CDs. Les microglies traitées de la même façon n'ont pas exprimé les marqueurs de CDs, étaient moins aptes à déclencher des réponses alloréactives et ont produit de l'IL-10. Ces données nous suggèrent que les microglies soutiennent des réponses anti-inflammatoires. Nous avons ensuite étudié la réponse migratoire de microglies, monocytes et macrophages envers l'ATP extracellulaire et la chimiokine CCL2. En utilisant un système «trans-well», nous avons constaté que la migration de microglies augmentait en présence d'ATP mais non de CCL2. Les monocytes ont migré davantage en présence de basses concentrations d'ATP, cependant, les concentrations plus élevées d'ATP ont eu un effet inhibiteur. Le CCL2 n'a eu aucun effet sur les macrophages et l'ATP a eu seulement un effet inhibiteur. Ces observations suggèrent que des signaux sélectifs régularisent le recrut
author2 Jack P Antel (Supervisor)
author_facet Jack P Antel (Supervisor)
Lambert, Caroline
author Lambert, Caroline
author_sort Lambert, Caroline
title Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
title_short Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
title_full Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
title_fullStr Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
title_full_unstemmed Distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
title_sort distinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cells
publisher McGill University
publishDate 2010
url http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92238
work_keys_str_mv AT lambertcaroline distinctregulationofrecruitmentandinflammatorypotentialofhumanmicrogliavsbloodderivedmyeloidcells
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spelling ndltd-LACETR-oai-collectionscanada.gc.ca-QMM.922382014-02-13T04:08:50ZDistinct regulation of recruitment and inflammatory potential of human microglia vs. blood-derived myeloid cellsLambert, CarolineHealth Sciences - ImmunologyMicroglia are myeloid cells that are long-term residents of the central nervous system (CNS). The active lesions in the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS) show a heterogeneous array of myeloid cells, derived from recruitment of microglia and from infiltration of blood-derived cells. The central theme of this thesis relates to the distinct properties of myeloid cells and how they participate to the MS disease process. We investigated in vitro properties of microglia derived from the human CNS using blood-derived monocytes as well as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages as comparators. First, we examined the ability of microglia to acquire myeloid DC properties. Monocytes differentiated with granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-4 and subsequently activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), developed the phenotype and function of stimulatory DCs. Similarly treated adult microglia displayed few markers associated with DC phenotype, had reduced ability to sustain CD4 T cell alloreactive responses and produced IL-10. These data suggest that microglia may selectively contribute to an anti- versus pro-inflammatory response. We next examined the migration response of monocytes, macrophages and microglia to extracellular ATP and to the chemokine CCL2. Using a trans-well migration assay, we found that human microglia migration was enhanced in the presence of ATP but not CCL2. Monocyte migration was also enhanced with CCL2 and low concentrations of ATP, however, high concentrations of ATP decreased their basal migration. ATP had only an inhibitory effect on macrophage migration and CCL2 had no effect. These data demonstrate that there can be selective recruitment of distinct myeloid cell subsets to injury sites. Finally, we studied whether the cytokine response of microglia could be modulated by FTY720, a CNS-permeable immunomodulatory agent in clinical trials for MS. The production of IL-12 by adult microglia stimulated withLes microglies sont des cellules myeloïdes qui résident au sein du système nerveux central (SNC). Les lésions actives du SNC caractéristiques de la sclérose en plaque (SP) contiennent un mélange hétérogène de cellules myeloïdes, provenant de l'activation des microglies ainsi que de l'infiltration de cellules sanguines. Le thème de cette thèse est l'étude des propriétés particulières de chacun des types de cellules myeloïdes. Nous avons caractérisé les propriétés in vitro des microglies provenant du SNC humain par rapport à celles des cellules myeloïdes sanguines – soit les monocytes, ainsi que les macrophages et cellules dendritiques (CDs) provenant de monocytes. Tout d'abord, nous avons examiné la capacité des microglies d'acquérir les propriétés de CDs. Lorsque que des monocytes sont différenciés en utilisant le facteur stimulant de colonies macrophages-granulocytes (GM-CSF) en combinaison avec de l'interleukine (IL)-4 et que ce procédé est suivi d'une activation avec de la lipopolysaccharide (LPS), les monocytes acquièrent les attributs et fonctions de CDs. Les microglies traitées de la même façon n'ont pas exprimé les marqueurs de CDs, étaient moins aptes à déclencher des réponses alloréactives et ont produit de l'IL-10. Ces données nous suggèrent que les microglies soutiennent des réponses anti-inflammatoires. Nous avons ensuite étudié la réponse migratoire de microglies, monocytes et macrophages envers l'ATP extracellulaire et la chimiokine CCL2. En utilisant un système «trans-well», nous avons constaté que la migration de microglies augmentait en présence d'ATP mais non de CCL2. Les monocytes ont migré davantage en présence de basses concentrations d'ATP, cependant, les concentrations plus élevées d'ATP ont eu un effet inhibiteur. Le CCL2 n'a eu aucun effet sur les macrophages et l'ATP a eu seulement un effet inhibiteur. Ces observations suggèrent que des signaux sélectifs régularisent le recrutMcGill UniversityJack P Antel (Supervisor)2010Electronic Thesis or Dissertationapplication/pdfenElectronically-submitted theses.All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Physiology) http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92238