| Summary: | There is evidence that humans have been afflicted with arteriosclerotic vascular diseases for more than 4000 years. Shattock (1908-1909), for example, recorded finding arteriosclerotic changes in an aortic segment removed from the mummy of King Menephtah, allegedly the pharaoh of the Hebrew Exodus. Ruffer (1911) also described arteriosclerotic lesions in the aortae and peripheral arteries taken from a group of mummies thought buried during a 2000-year period ending in 500 B.C. The majority of the lesions in the peripheral arteries of the mummies were undoubtedly of the type now known to be due to Mönckeberg’s sclerosis. Others, particularly those in the aortae, were of a different nature.
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