The Medieval Reception of Firdausī's Shāhnāma: The Ardashīr Cycle as a Mirror for Princes

• Main Author: Askari, Nasrin
• Other Authors: Subtelny, Maria Eva
• Language: en_ca
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Firdausi; Shahnama; Shahnameh; Philosopher-King; Ardashir-i Babakan; Restoration of the Good Religion; Ikhtiyarat-i Shahnama; Political propaganda; Ideal king; Savior of the World; Advice and wisdom literature; Persian legends; Medieval Persian historiography; Persian myths; Zoroastrian; Persian Book of Kings; Haftvad; World Saviour; Zoroastrian eschatology; Verse chronicles; Fürstenspiegel; Andarz; Medieval Persian Literature; Ardahir’s battle against a giant worm; Medieval Persian Mirrors for Princes; giant worm; Selections from the Shahnama; Ordeal of Molten Metal; ideal kingship; Persian epics; Medieval Reception of Shahnama; World Renovation; Medieval Persian history; Church-State Relations; Union of kingship and religion; Ardashir’s Testament; Zoroastrian symbols; Mirrors for Princes; Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī; Advices of Ardashir; Book of Government; Apocalyptic literature; Sage-King; Artaxšīr ī Pābagān; Persian Literature; Persian historical epics; dragon-slaying hero; 0315; 0297
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35768

Based on a broad survey of the reception of Firdausī’s Shāhnāma in medieval times, this dissertation argues that Firdausī’s oeuvre was primarily perceived as a book of wisdom and advice for kings and courtly élites. The medieval reception of the Shāhnāma is clearly manifested in the comments of medieval authors about Firdausī and his work, and in their use of the Shāhnāma in the composition of their own works. The production of ikhtiyārāt-i Shāhnāmas (selections from the Shāhnāma) in medieval times and the remarkable attention of the authors of mirrors for princes to Firdausī’s opus are particularly illuminating in this regard. The survey is complemented by a close textual reading of the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma in comparison with other medieval historical accounts about Ardashīr, in order to illustrate how history in the Shāhnāma is reduced to only a framework for the presentation of ideas and ideals of kingship. Based on ancient Persian beliefs regarding the ideal state of the world, I argue that Ardashīr in the Shāhnāma is represented as a Saviour of the world. Within this context, I offer new interpretations of the symbolic tale of Ardashīr’s fight against a giant worm, and explain why the idea of the union of kingship and religion, a major topic in almost all medieval Persian mirrors for princes, has often been attributed to Ardashīr. Finally, I compare the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma with nine medieval Persian mirrors for princes to demonstrate that the ethico-political concepts contained in them, as well as the portrayal of Ardashīr, remain more or less the same in all these works. Study of the Shāhnāma as a mirror for princes, as this study shows, not only reveals the meaning of its symbolic tales, but also sheds light on the pre-Islamic roots of some of the ethico-political concepts presented in the medieval Perso-Islamic literature of wisdom and advice for kings and courtiers.