Use of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) as platform for obtaining bionanocompÃsito

This work seeks to develop a bionanocompÃsito drawn from galactomannan and crystals nanocelulose, both obtained from Prosopis juliflora. Initially, carob pods were subjected to grinding, milling, heating, filtration and centrifugation in order to yield a viscous solution which, with the addition of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Rafael Morais do Nascimento
Other Authors: Morsyleide de Freitas Rosa
Format: Others
Language:Portuguese
Published: Universidade Federal do Cearà 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15371
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Summary:This work seeks to develop a bionanocompÃsito drawn from galactomannan and crystals nanocelulose, both obtained from Prosopis juliflora. Initially, carob pods were subjected to grinding, milling, heating, filtration and centrifugation in order to yield a viscous solution which, with the addition of ethanol, the precipitate was possible galactomannan. So all fractions, and galactomannan fiber capsules were separated. The gum obtained was lyophilized and characterized, as its composition, as well as the fibrous fractions. Further, the fibers of the capsules underwent the hydrothermal process mesquite, followed by a bleaching with H2O2 and NaOH solutions) and acidic hydrolysis (H2SO4 60% v / v) for extracting nanocelulose. After hydrolysis one estÃvl suspension nanocelulose characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR and zeta potential was obtained. Then galactomannan films were prepared, starting from a 5% (w / v) polysaccharide solution using glycerol as plasticizer. Movies, nanocelulose were added at concentrations of 3, 5 and 7%, and evaluated the influence of the addition of the nanocrystals in the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties to water vapor. The galactomannan extracted from mesquite presented, respectively, in protein, lipid, ash and moisture content of 5.3%, 2.3%, 4.0% and 5.2% and characteristic thermal behavior, showing exothermic event to 284.7  C, typical of his degradation. Their functional groups identified by FTIR, and determination of its mass and molar ratio mannose / galactose. The fiber showed considerable differences in their levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, insoluble lignin, extractives, ash and moisture, after treatments. These results were corroborated by analysis of FTIR, XRD and TGA. And through the characterizations of the films, it was proved that there were improvements in the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties, the obtained biocomposites, with the addition of nanocelulose. === Este trabalho busca o desenvolvimento de um bionanocompÃsito elaborado a partir de galactomanana e cristais de nanocelulose, ambos obtidos da algaroba (Prosopis juliflora). Inicialmente, vagens da algaroba foram submetidas à trituraÃÃo, moagem, aquecimento, filtraÃÃo e centrifugaÃÃo obtendo-se uma soluÃÃo viscosa onde, com a adiÃÃo de etanol, foi possÃvel precipitar a galactomanana. EntÃo as fraÃÃes de interesse, galactomanana e fibra das cÃpsulas, foram separadas. A goma obtida foi liofilizada e caracterizada, quanto a sua composiÃÃo, assim como as fraÃÃes fibrosas. Na sequÃncia, as fibras das cÃpsulas da algaroba sofreram processo hidrotÃrmico, seguido de dois branqueamentos com soluÃÃes de NaOH e H2O2, e hidrÃlise Ãcida (H2SO4 60% v/v) para extraÃÃo de nanocelulose. ApÃs a hidrÃlise, foi obtida uma suspensÃo estÃvel de nanocelulose, caracterizada por TGA, DRX, potencial zeta e FTIR. EntÃo foram preparados filmes de galactomanana, a partir de uma soluÃÃo 5% (m/v) do polissacarÃdeo, utilizando glicerol como plastificante. Aos filmes, foram adicionados nanocelulose, nas concentraÃÃes de 3, 5 e 7%, e avaliado a influÃncia da adiÃÃo dos nanocristais nas propriedades mecÃnicas, tÃrmicas e de barreira a vapor de Ãgua. A galactomanana extraÃda da algaroba apresentou, respectivamente, teores de proteÃna, lipÃdio, cinzas e umidade de 5,3%, 2,3%, 4,0% e 5,2% e comportamento tÃrmico caracterÃstico, apresentando evento exotÃrmico a 284,7ÂC, tÃpico de sua degradaÃÃo. Seus grupos funcionais identificados por FTIR, alÃm da determinaÃÃo de sua massa molar e razÃo manose/galactose. A fibra apresentou considerÃveis diferenÃas nos seus teores de celulose, hemicelulose, lignina solÃvel, lignina insolÃvel, extrativos, cinzas e umidade, apÃs os tratamentos. Esses resultados foram corroborados por anÃlises de FTIR, DRX e TGA. AtravÃs das caracterizaÃÃes dos filmes, ficou comprovado que a adiÃÃo de nanocelulose melhorou propriedades tÃrmicas, mecÃnicas e de barreira, dos biocompÃsitos obtidos.