Transection of the medial meniscus in mice promotes more pain and injury that your recession

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of joint of function and disability, reduced with the quality of life. In humans, the lack of reliable and objective methods to evaluate the progression of OA limits their clinical study. Thus, animals are com...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Maria Aline Alves Teotonio
Other Authors: Francisco Airton Castro da Rocha
Format: Others
Language:Portuguese
Published: Universidade Federal do Cearà 2013
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12943
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Summary:Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of joint of function and disability, reduced with the quality of life. In humans, the lack of reliable and objective methods to evaluate the progression of OA limits their clinical study. Thus, animals are commonly used as model in an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and investigate new therapies. Considered one of the most experimental models of OA used, the mechanical instability of surgically induced experimentally reproduce the chronic trauma observed in human OA. Using models of surgical meniscectomy (meniscus removal) and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) aimed to evaluate the difference in the development of OA in these experimental models and their response to different anti-inflammatory drugs. Swiss mice underwent surgery and the animals were sacrificed after 7 weeks, with daily assessment of joint pain (hypernociception). After sacrifice, the intra-articular lavage was colleted. The supernatant stored for evaluate cytokine-induced nitric oxide (NO). Histopathologic evaluation of the joints was performed according to the OARSI scores. Groups false-operated (Sham) were used for comparison. Meniscotomizados groups of animals receiving morphine (2 mg/kg, ip), naloxone (1 mg/kg, ip), indomethacin (2 mg/kg, sc), 1400W (0.5 mg/kg, sc), HOE-140 (1 mg/kg, sc) or anti-TNF (25-50 &#61549;l) intraarticular. The hypernociception was recorded first and third hours after drug administration. Untreated group received vehicle only. Data were expressed as mean  SEM, and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The histopathological scores were expressed as median followed by Kruskal-Wallis. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. In destabilization of the medial meniscus and meniscectomy, articular hyperalgesia increased significantly in the 16 days after surgery, compared to the sham group (false-operated animals). This hyperalgesia persisted in group destabilization of the medial meniscus until the 49th day of observation (P <0.05). The cellular influx was higher and articular lesions were more severe, particularly in tibial portion, destabilization of the medial meniscus group (P <0.05). Indomethacin, 1400W, HOE and morphine significantly reduced hypernociception, with reversal of the effect of morphine by naloxone. The analgesic effect of anti-TNF persisted for 7 days after administration. The levels of IL-1, TNF-&#945;, IFN-&#947; and NO were undetectable. The destabilization of the medial meniscus is a more severe OA, involving the participation of cyclooxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, bradykinin, opioids and TNF. === A Osteoartrite (OA) à uma doenÃa articular crÃnica degenerativa, caracterizada pela perda da funÃÃo e incapacitaÃÃo, interferindo na qualidade de vida. Em humanos, a inexistÃncia de mÃtodos objetivos e confiÃveis para avaliar a evoluÃÃo da OA limita o seu estudo clÃnico. Assim, modelos animais sÃo amplamente utilizados na tentativa de se compreender os aspectos fisiopatolÃgicos da doenÃa e investigar novas terapias. Considerado como um dos modelos experimentais de OA mais utilizado, o de instabilidade mecÃnica induzida por cirurgia reproduz experimentalmente o trauma crÃnico observado na OA humana. Utilizando os modelos cirÃrgicos de meniscectomia (retirada do menisco) e desestabilizaÃÃo do menisco (corte do menisco) objetivou-se avaliar a diferenÃa do desenvolvimento da OA nesses modelos experimentais e sua resposta a diferentes drogas anti-inflamatÃrias. Camundongos Swiss foram submetidos à cirurgia e sacrificados apÃs 7 semanas, com avaliaÃÃo diÃria da dor articular (hipernocicepÃÃo). ApÃs o sacrifÃcio, o lavado articular foi coletado e o sobrenadante armazenado para a dosagem de citocinas e Ãxido nÃtrico (NO). AvaliaÃÃo histopatolÃgica das articulaÃÃes foi feita segundo os escores Osteoartrite Research Society International (OARSI).Grupos falso-operados (Sham) foram utilizados para comparaÃÃo. Grupo de animais meniscotomizados receberam morfina (2 mg/kg; i.p.), naloxona (1 mg/kg; i.p.), indometacina (2 mg/kg; s.c.), 1400W (0,5 mg/kg; s.c.), HOE-140 (1 mg/kg; s.c.) ou anti-TNF (25-50 &#956;L) intra-articular . A hipernocicepÃÃo foi registrada 1 e 3 horas apÃs a administraÃÃo das drogas. Grupo nÃo tratado recebeu apenas veÃculo. Os dados foram expressos como mÃdia  e.p.m, seguidos por ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Os escores histopatolÃgicos foram expressos como mediana, seguidos por teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O nÃvel de significÃncia foi de P<0,05. Na meniscectomia e meniscotomia, a hiperalgesia articular aumentou significativamente nos 16 dias apÃs o procedimento cirÃrgico, comparada ao grupo sham (animais falso-operados). Essa hiperalgesia persistiu no grupo meniscotomia atà o 49 dia de observaÃÃo (P<0,05). O influxo celular foi maior e as lesÃes articulares foram mais graves, particularmente na porÃÃo tibial, no grupo meniscotomia (P<0,05). Indometacina, 1400W, HOE e morfina reduziram significativamente a hipernocicepÃÃo, com reversÃo do efeito da morfina pelo naloxona. O efeito analgÃsico de anti-TNF persistiu por 7 dias apÃs a administraÃÃo. Os nÃveis de IL-1, TNF-&#945;, IFN-&#947; e NO foram indetectÃveis. A meniscotomia à um modelo mais grave de OA, envolvendo a participaÃÃo de cicloxigenase, Ãxido nÃtrico sintase indutÃvel, bradicinina, opioides e TNF.