UtilizaÃÃo de PsicofÃrmacos entre usuÃrios da AtenÃÃo PrimÃria do MunicÃpio de MaracanaÃ-CearÃ

• Main Author: Ana Claudia de Brito Passos
• Other Authors: Paulo Sergio Dourado Arrais
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal do Cearà 2008
• Subjects: Medicamentos; PsicotrÃpicos; SaÃde Mental; Medicines; Psychoactives; Mental Health; FARMACIA
• Online Access: http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2351

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior === O presente trabalho objetivou descrever o consumo de psicofÃrmacos entre os usuÃrios assistidos na AtenÃÃo PrimÃria de SaÃde (APS) e encaminhados ao Centro de Apoio Psicossocial (CAPS) no municÃpio de MaracanaÃ; avaliar a prÃtica de prescriÃÃo, aquisiÃÃo e uso prolongado dos psicofÃrmacos; conhecer o que representa o uso desses medicamentos no dia-a-dia e avaliar os fatores determinantes ao consumo de psicofÃrmacos, entre as variÃveis sociais, econÃmicas, demogrÃficas e biolÃgicas. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiolÃgico, quantitativo, observacional e transversal realizado no perÃodo de setembro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2008, cujo objeto de avaliaÃÃo foram os indivÃduos provenientes da APS e encaminhados ao CAPS. As informaÃÃes foram obtidas atravÃs de um roteiro de entrevista, contendo 57 perguntas. A amostra foi calculada em funÃÃo do nÃmero de pessoas cadastradas e acompanhadas pelo CAPS. No total, foram entrevistadas 200 pessoas, em que 121 (60,5%) afirmaram ter consumido psicofÃrmacos nos Ãltimos 15 dias; destas, a maioria era do sexo feminino, com renda individual mensal atà 2 salÃrios mÃnimos (85,4%), baixa escolaridade (68,8% eram analfabetos) e com algum tipo de doenÃa secundÃria (54,5%). Alguns (20,0%) informaram ser usuÃrios de bebidas alcoÃlicas, 54,0% fumavam e 72,0% nÃo praticavam atividade fÃsica. Quanto à representaÃÃo desses medicamentos no dia-a-dia, a maioria (47,9%) referiu âalÃvioâ. A mÃdia do consumo de psicofÃrmacos foi de 1,5 medicamento por pessoa. A maioria das pessoas (78,3%) os utilizava de forma contÃnua e 73,3% afirmaram nÃo ter recebido orientaÃÃo quanto aos riscos de utilizÃ-los por tempo prolongado. Os mÃdicos foram responsÃveis por 93,9% das indicaÃÃes. Os usuÃrios referiram jà ter tentado parar de tomar esses medicamentos (57,8%), sendo que 78,3% conseguiram isto de forma brusca e outros (75,6%), que estavam fazendo uso hà mais de 12 meses, relataram nÃo ter conseguido parar de tomÃ-los de forma alguma. Os grupos de medicamentos mais consumidos foram: ansiolÃticos (36,5%), antidepressivos (31,5%), antipsicÃticos (17,7%) e antiepilÃpticos (11,0%). Entre os ansiolÃticos o mais consumido foi o diazepam (27,0%). Os principais motivos para o consumo de psicofÃrmacos foram: ânervosismoâ (20,4%), âinsÃniaâ (17,8 %) e âdepressÃoâ (11,6%). Quanto à aquisiÃÃo dos psicofÃrmacos, 41,6% foram adquiridos na farmÃcia do CAPS, mas 24,3% compraram tais medicamentos. Algumas pessoas (18,3%) adquiriam esses produtos sem receita mÃdica e 83,5% utilizavam tambÃm outros medicamentos, destacando-se, segundo a classificaÃÃo ATC, os do Sistema Cardiovascular (39,5%) e do Trato Alimentar e Metabolismo (17,9%). O captopril, hidroclorotiazida, ranitidina, omeprazol, propranolol, prometazina e o paracetamol foram responsÃveis por 38,5% do consumo geral de medicamentos. O estudo possibilitou o aporte de informaÃÃes relevantes acerca do uso de psicofÃrmacos em Maracanaà e sobre seus usuÃrios. === The objectives of the present work is to describe the consumption of psychoactives amongst users who attended in the Primary Care of Health (PCS) and were directed to the Centre of Psychologic and Social Support (CPSS) in the city of MaracanaÃ; to evaluate the practice of prescribing, the acquisition and chronic use of psychoactives; to find out what represents the use of these medicines on a day-by-day basis and to evaluate factors that determine consumption of psychoactives, such as social, economic, demographic and biological variables. This was an epidemiologic, quantitative, observational, and cross sectional study carried out from September of 2006 to February of 2008 which evaluated individuals proceeding from the PCS and directed to the CPSS. The information was obtained through an interview comprising 57 questions. The sample was calculated as a function of the number of people registered and followed up by CPSS. In the total 200 people were interviewed, where 121 (60.5%) had affirmed to have consumed psychoactives in last the 15 days; of these, the majority were female, with an individual monthly income greater than two minimum salaries, low schooling (68.8% were illiterate) and with some type of secondary disease (54.5%). Some of them reported consumption of alcoholic beverages (20.0%), 54.0% were smokers and 72.0% did not take any physical activity. Concerning the questions about what the medicines represent to them, the majority (47.9%) said they felt something like âreliefâ. The average of the consumption of psychoactives was of 1,5 medicines per person. The majority of the people (78.3%) used them continuously and 73.3% had reported that they did not received any information about the risks of long-term use. Doctors were responsible for 93,9% of the indications. Of the users who reported that they had attempted to stop taking these medicines (57.8%), 78.3% did this suddenly. The groups of the most consumed medicines were: Anxyolitics (36.5%), Antidepressants (31.5%), Antipsychotics (17.7%) and Antiepileptics (11.0%). Of the anxyolitic drugs, the most consumed was diazepam it (27.0%). The main reasons for the consumption of psychoactives were: ânervousnessâ (20.4%), âsleeplessnessâ (17.8%) and âdepressionâ (11.6%). Concerning the acquisition of psychoactives, 41.6% were obtained from the pharmacy of the CPSS, but 24.3% of these medicines were bought by patients. Some people (18.3%) got these drugs without medical prescription and 83.5% also used other medicines. These were, according to ATC classification, medicines of the Cardiovascular System (39.5%) and of the Gastric Tract (17.9%). Captopril, hidroclorotiazide, ranitidine, omeprazole, propranolol, prometazine and paracetamol were responsible for 38,5% of general medicines consumed. Our study provided relevant information about the use of psychoactive drugs in Maracanaà and on its users.