Degradação prematura da isolação papel-óleo em transformadores e reatores de potência devido a ação de enxofre corrosivo

• Main Author: Lemos, Luiz Eduardo Friedenberg de
• Other Authors: Santana, Ruth Marlene Campomanes
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: Transformadores; Reatores; Corrosão; Enxofre; Inibidores de oxidação; Transformers; Reactors; Degradation; Insulation; Corrosive sulfur
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/118853

A ação de compostos sulfúricos presentes no óleo isolante de transformadores e reatores de potência ajuda na sua estabilidade à oxidação, porém, com o passar do tempo, provoca a corrosão do cobre, o que leva o equipamento à falha. O teor de enxofre, presente no óleo bruto, foi então reduzido, porém aditivos colocados no óleo isolante para combater a oxidação, particularmente o dibenzil dissulfeto (DBDS), ocasionou falhas prematuras em vários transformadores e reatores no mundo todo. A reação do DBDS com o cobre do condutor forma o composto sulfeto de cobre I (Cu2S), o que ocasiona a redução da rigidez dielétrica da isolação sólida, composta basicamente por papel Kraft. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa avaliar a degradação prematura da isolação papel-óleo em transformadores e reatores de potência devido a ação de enxofre corrosivo gerado pelo DBDS (dibenzil dissulfeto). Amostras de papel, óleo e cobre antes e após envelhecimento foram caracterizadas por ensaios físicos, químicos e térmicos. A cromatografia gasosa do óleo após teste de aumento de temperatura mostrou evolução de CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4 e C2H6 na amostra com DBDS, ao passo que na amostra do óleo normal não houve geração de gases, e na amostra passivada, retornou a valores ainda inferiores àqueles obtidos para o óleo normal. O papel Kraft envelhecido apresentou um decréscimo na sua estabilidade térmica (80ºC) quando comparado com o papel novo, indicando início da degradação deste material em temperatura inferior ao papel novo, sendo que no FTIR uma banda de grupos funcionais aminas e amidas e as bandas dos grupos nitrila, que aparecem no papel novo, não se verificaram na amostra envelhecida. O cobre nu, imerso no óleo mineral isolante (OMI) com DBDS, apresentou contaminação por Cu2S, o que mostrou ser o OMI corrosivo, e a amostra de cobre imersa em OMI com DBDS e passivado, resultou não corrosivo, o que mostra o efeito protetor do passivador. === Power transformers and reactors are equipments of vital importance for any electrical power grid, which intends to provide electrical energy efficiently and reliably in order to face the needful demands for economic development and life quality improvement. Sulfur compounds present in the oils, improves its oxidation stability, however, its reaction with copper, over the time, provoking corrosion, has proved to be harmful to the equipments. A few years ago, sudden failures, especially involving step up transformers and reactors, have been concerning people responsible for the electrical power grids worldwide. Researches pointed out to the inhibitor of oxidation dibenzyldisulfide (DBDS) as the root of the problem. The DBDS reacts with the copper forming copper sulfide, Cu2S, reducing considerably the dielectric strength of the Kraft paper, leading the insulation to fail prematurely. As a result, there are high economic losses and equipments unavailability as well. Regarding the scenario presented, this work intends to assess the power transformers and reactors paper-oil insulation premature degradation due to copper sulfide jeopardy, arose by DBDS. Kraft paper, oil and copper new samples and after being aged, were characterized by physical - humidity, grammage and density (paper and oil), MEV (paper and copper) - chemical – corrosivity and DGA (oil), FTIR (paper) – and thermal tests – TGA (paper). The test of oil corrosivity showed to be neutral for the normal oil sample, and harmful to copper for the oil sample inhibited with DBDS, as well as the protection exerted by the passivated oil sample. The results of DGA after the test with high temperature, showed an evolution of CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6 in the sample inhibited with DBDS, whilst in the normal oil sample there was no gas generation, and in the oil sample passivated the gas concentrations resulted even lower than in the normal oil sample. The aged Kraft paper presented a decrease in its termic stability (80ºC) in comparison with the new Kraft paper, what indicates the degradation beginning of this material occurs at a lower temperature in relation of the new paper. Regarding the Fourier Infrared test (FTIR), one band of amines and amides functional groups, and the nitrile groups, which were shown in the new paper sample, could not be figured out in the aged paper. The copper immersed in oil with DBDS, showed Cu2S contamination, what asserts the oil as corrosive, on the other hand, the copper sample immersed in passivated oil was clean, what has proved the passivator protection.