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Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === The species was selected to carry out the research because of the wide medicinal use for diarrhea treatment by the Brazilian northeast population. The objective of this work was to study the morphological and anatomical aspects of the leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, detect the presence of the major classes of secondary metabolites present in the crude extract of the leaves and still assessing the potential antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial said extract and its fractions. To achieve the objectives, paradermic sections and cross were made to study the epidermis and its annexes. Was also analyzed characters of leaf morphology and petiole through histological sections. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts was performed by colorimetric tests and tests precipitation. From the raw methanol extract was held partitions with increasing polarity solvents (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate). The fractionation and purification of the partitioned extracts was performed by column chromatography (CC) and monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The crude extract (EB), and fractions were subjected to test the free radical sequestration 1,1 - diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and the mortality of Artemia salina, to assess antioxidant activities and cytotoxic activities, respectively. To evaluate the antibacterial activity were performed the disk diffusion techniques in well and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) compared to the strains of Salmonella and E.coli. The blade is amphistomatic with stomata of diac?tic type, the epidermis is uniseriate, with the presence of trichomes. The results detected the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity, IC 50 values (mg / ml) were found 6.62 to 446.20 for the tested extracts. For cytotoxicity, all extracts showed LC50 values (mg / ml) 211.16 to 446.20, and the hexane extract the most active (LC50 211.16). For antibacterial analysis, has not been demonstrated activity of extracts front bacteria tested. The toxicity of the leaf of this species refers caution about their safety for use by the population. === A esp?cie foi selecionada para realiza??o da pesquisa devido ? ampla utiliza??o medicinal para tratamento de diarreia pela popula??o do nordeste brasileiro. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar os aspectos morfoan?tomicos das folhas de Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, detectar presen?a das principais classes de metab?litos secund?rios presentes no extrato bruto de suas folhas e ainda avalia??o do potencial antioxidante, citot?xico e antibacteriano do referido extrato e suas fra??es. Para alcan?ar os objetivos, sec??es parad?rmicas e transversais foram efetuadas para estudo da epiderme e seus anexos. Analisou-se tamb?m caracteres da morfologia foliar e do pec?olo atrav?s de cortes histol?gicos. Foi realizada triagem fitoqu?mica do extrato bruto atrav?s de testes colorim?tricos e ensaios de precipita??o. A partir do extrato bruto metan?lico, realizou-se parti??es com solventes de polaridade crescente (hexano, clorof?rmio e acetato de etila). O fracionamento e purifica??o dos extratos particionados foi realizado por cromatografia em coluna (CC) e monitorado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). O Extrato Bruto (EB) e as frac?es foram submetidos ao teste do sequestro do radical livre 1,1 ? difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e ao ensaio de letalidade da Artemia salina, para avalia??o das atividades antioxidante e citot?xica, respectivamente. Para avalia??o da atividade antibacteriana foram executadas as t?cnicas de difus?o em disco, em po?o e MIC (concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima) frente ?s cepas de Samonella e E.coli. A l?mina foliar ? anfiestom?tica, com est?matos do tipo diac?tico, a epiderme ? uniestratificada, com presen?a de tricomas tectores. Os resultados detectaram presen?a de taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides e saponinas. Na avalia??o da atividade antioxidante, os valores de IC50 (mg/ml) encontrados foram de 6,62 a 446,20 para os extratos testados. Quanto ? citotoxicidade, todos os extratos apresentaram valores de LC50 (mg/ml) de 211,16 a 446,20, sendo o extrato hex?nico o mais ativo (LC50 211,16) . Quanto ? an?lise antibacteriana, n?o foi demonstrada atividade dos extratos frente as bact?rias testadas. A toxicidade apresentada pela folha dessa esp?cie remete cautela quanto ? sua seguran?a para uso pela popula??o.
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