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Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 === This master thesis, based on an historical contextualization of the capitalist system and its crises, analyzed more closely the causes, consequences and policies of confrontation that the PIIGS and Brazil used in relation to the global crisis that began in 2007/2008 and the possibility of reaching the objectives of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development by these countries, all signatories of the Agenda. Metodologically, the study was based on the dialectical-critical method, both through qualitative and bibliographic exploratory review and data analysis. Initially, was carried out an historical contextualization of capitalism, from the beginning of Mercantilism until the end of the 20th century. Then the attention was focused on the causes of the current crisis, and were discussed the liberal, the Keynesian and the neoliberal theories. In the following chapter, were analyzed the reactions of the PIIGS governments to the crisis and the consequences of these policies. In the last development chapter, the Brazilian case was verified. Despite its success in dealing with the global crisis in its early years, the country had problems in the following years. It was concluded that the reactions of governments, both in Europe and Brazil, were to nationalize private debts to save the financial system from bankruptcy. This way, there were spending and investments cuts both economically and socially in strategic sectors, harming the populations in social vulnerability - selective fiscal austerity. The results of the policies of confrontation were the deepening of the economic crisis in the "real side" of the economy, the increase of the inequality and the worsening of the less favored classes life conditions. === Esta Disserta??o, partindo de uma contextualiza??o hist?rica do sistema capitalista e de suas crises, analisou com mais aten??o as causas, consequ?ncias e pol?ticas de enfrentamento dos PIIGS e do Brasil em rela??o ? crise global iniciada em 2007/2008 e ? possibilidade de atingimento dos objetivos da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel por estes pa?ses, todos signat?rios da Agenda. Metodologicamente, o estudo apoiou-se no m?todo dial?tico-cr?tico, tanto via revis?o explorat?ria qualitativa e bibliogr?fica quanto por an?lise de dados. Inicialmente, realizou-se a contextualiza??o hist?rica do capitalismo, desde o in?cio do
Mercantilismo at? o fim do s?culo XX. Na sequ?ncia, voltou-se a aten??o para as causas da crise atual, e foram discutidas as teorias liberais, keynesianas e neoliberais. No cap?tulo seguinte, analisaram-se as rea??es dos governos dos PIIGS ? crise e as consequ?ncias dessas pol?ticas de enfrentamento. No ?ltimo cap?tulo de desenvolvimento, foi verificado o caso do Brasil, que apesar de ter obtido sucesso no enfrentamento da crise global em seus primeiros anos, veio a ter problemas nos anos seguintes. Concluiu-se que as rea??es dos governos, tanto na Europa quanto no Brasil, foram no sentido de estatizar as d?vidas privadas para salvar o sistema financeiro da bancarrota. Com isso, tanto econ?mica quanto socialmente, houve cortes de
gastos e investimentos em setores estrat?gicos, prejudicando as popula??es em maior vulnerabilidade social ? austeridade fiscal seletiva. Os resultados das pol?ticas de enfrentamento foram o aprofundamento da crise econ?mica no ?lado real? da economia, o aumento da desigualdade e a piora nas condi??es de vida das classes menos favorecidas da popula??o.
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