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Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 === Grounded in the theory of legal rights protection, the research summarized here had as one of its mottoes to screenthe repercussions of the current conformation of criminal conjecture of offensiveness in its contours of injury and danger; all under the parallel with improper omissive crimes in its possible manifestations in the Brazilian legal system.We intended to discuss the ways in which constitutional principles have been violated within the criminal system in the field of omissive crimes, particularly regarding improper omission. We sought, therefore, with respect to that outlined proposition, to develop relevant reflections on improper omissive crimes, critically scrutinizing the guarantor sources composed in the Brazilian Penal Code and the kind-of-offense as a whole with regard to the mentioned offenses. In the face of it, we intended to formulate hermeneutical paths and suggestions to legislative reforms aimed at stabilizing instruments for containing the broad punitive spectrum currently at the state's disposal, within the systematic rules presently in force in Brazil, with respect to such behavioral species of criminal offenses. This study adopted as its main conceptual framework in criminal dogmatics the ontoanthropological conception of criminal law, individuated in the critical idea of criminal delict as an offense to legal goods, built mainly by Jos? de Faria Costa and so well-bundled and improved, in Brazil, by Fabio Roberto D'Avila. Both these authors, therefore, represent the main theoretical framework of this thesis, together with the significant contributions of Jorge de Figueiredo Dias. Research shows that improper omissive crimes are not reduced to the category of crimes that require a naturalistic result for its consummation to occur. Therefore, in this sense, we performed an accurate inspection on the formal sources of the position of guarantor, disciplined in the art. 13, paragraph 2, of the Brazilian Penal Code, displaying the various doctrinal guidelines expressed on the national scene on the subject and trying to make a conscientious examination of such sources in the light of the essential principles of the criminal justice system. Thus, little controversies relating to the determination of the type-of-offense of improper omission and the mechanisms for reprehending that criminal type stand out as sharply expressive. In doctrine and in regulatory dynamics of the criminal laws of the countries, it is crucial the guideline that for a person to figure as an active subject of an improper omission crime this person needs to be located in the so called position of guarantor of containment of the event generation. It was an aimof this work to examine the different streams of dogmatics, covering national and foreign doctrines as well as the normative criteria that legislate about the issue, through rigorous examination of comparative law, in order to sow, lex ferenda, suggestions for the Brazilian penal system to satisfactorily address the intricate subject of improper omissive crimes. The investigation took theoretical research as a canon, thereby employing national and foreign bibliographies that underpinned the matter. We used the comprehensive exhibition technique for elucidating different guises on the subject and also the comprehensive normative approach, since regulatory guidelines have been suggested in the field of improper omissive crimes. === Calcada na teoria da prote??o de bens jur?dicos, esta investiga??o, aqui resumida, teve como um dos seus motes esquadrinhar as repercuss?es da conforma??o atual da conjectura penal da ofensividade em seus contornos de les?o e de perigo; tudo sob o especial paralelo com os crimes omissivos impr?prios, em suas poss?veis manifesta??es no sistema jur?dico brasileiro. Pretendeu-se problematizar o modo pelo qual os princ?pios constitucionais t?m sido violados no ?mbito do sistema penal, no dom?nio dos crimes omissivos, de modo particular, na modalidade omissiva impr?pria. Procurou-se, portanto, com rela??o a tal proposi??o esbo?ada, desenvolver apontadas reflex?es pertinentes aos crimes omissivos impr?prios, perscrutando, de forma cr?tica, as fontes de garantidor compostas no C?digo Penal brasileiro e o tipo-de-il?cito como um todo respeitante aos mencionados delitos. Tencionou-se, ? vista disso, entabular caminhos hermen?uticos e orienta??es de reformas legislativas com vistas ? estabiliza??o de instrumentos de conten??o do amplo espectro punitivo que atualmente est? a dispor do Estado, na sistem?tica normativa, presentemente vigente no Brasil, no tocante a tais esp?cies comportamentais de infra??es penais. Este estudo adotou, na ambitude da dogm?tica criminal, como matriz conceitual central, a concep??o ontoantropol?gica do Direito Penal individuada na ideia prec?pua do il?cito penal como ofensa a bens jur?dicos, edificada, sobretudo, por Jos? de Faria Costa, e t?o bem-agasalhada e aprimorada, no Brasil, por Fabio Roberto D?Avila, autores, portanto, que representam o principal referencial te?rico da presente tese, juntamente com os significativos contributos de Jorge de Figueiredo Dias. A investiga??o evidencia que os crimes omissivos impr?prios n?o est?o reduzidos ? categoria dos delitos que pressup?em um resultado natural?stico para que haja a consuma??o. Para tanto, nesse sentido, efetuou-se uma inspe??o acurada acerca das fontes formais da posi??o de garantidor, disciplinadas no art. 13, ?2?, do C?digo Penal brasileiro, exibindo as diferentes orienta??es doutrin?rias externadas no cen?rio nacional sobre o tema, procurando fazer um exame minudente de tais fontes ? luz dos princ?pios indispens?veis do sistema penal. Destarte, sobressaem como agudamente expressivas as questi?nculas atinentes aos delineamentos do tipo-de-il?cito da omiss?o impr?pria e os mecanismos de repreens?o da mencionada esp?cie delituosa. Prima, na doutrina e nas din?micas normativas dos diplomas penais dos pa?ses, a diretiva de que para uma pessoa figurar como sujeito ativo de um crime omissivo impr?prio ? preciso que ela esteja inserta na chamada posi??o de garante de refreamento da gera??o do evento. Foi intuito deste trabalho palmilhar pelas diferentes vertentes dogm?ticas, percorrendo a doutrina nacional e estrangeira, assim como pelos crit?rios normativos disciplinat?rios da quest?o, mediante a dissec??o de direito comparado, com vistas a semear, de lege ferenda, predile??es para o sistema penal brasileiro arrostar satisfatoriamente o intricado tema dos crimes omissivos impr?prios. A investiga??o tomou por c?none a pesquisa te?rica, desse modo, empregando bibliografias nacionais e estrangeiras que alicer?aram a mat?ria. Foi utilizada a t?cnica expositivo-compreensiva para a delucida??o das diferentes roupagens relativas ao assunto e, tamb?m, o m?todo compreensivo-normativo, porquanto tenham sido aventadas diretrizes normativas, na dimens?o dos crimes omissivos impr?prios.
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