Funcionamento executivo em controladores de tr?fego a?reo do sul do Brasil

• Main Author: Freitas, ?ngela Maria de
• Other Authors: Costa, Jaderson Costa da
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul 2017
• Subjects: Fun??es Executivas; Controle de Tr?fego A?reo; Mem?ria Operacional; Sonol?ncia Diurna Excessiva; Estresse; Aten??o; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA
• Online Access: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7239

Submitted by Caroline Xavier ([e-mail]) on 2017-04-18T14:24:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANGELA_MARIA_DE_FREITAS_PARCIAL.pdf: 938271 bytes, checksum: c3800cf2be6de18d02d673baa5d77510 (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T14:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANGELA_MARIA_DE_FREITAS_PARCIAL.pdf: 938271 bytes, checksum: c3800cf2be6de18d02d673baa5d77510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === Objectives: To evaluate the executive functions of air traffic controllers (ATCO) and relate them to characteristics of professional activity, such as length of service, technical qualification and work shifts. Additionally, to evaluate stress and excessive daytime sleepiness in ATCO, identifying the impact of these variables on attention activity. Methods: Fifty-two ATCO participated, based at 3 air traffic control units (A, B and C). Sample selection adopted a non-probabilistic convenience approach with sequential selection. Results are presented as descriptive statistics using absolute and relative distribution (n-%), as well as by measures of central tendency and variability, with the distribution of data evaluated using the Shapiro?Wilk test. Pearson's chi-squared (?2) or Fisher's exact test was used to compare between qualitative variables. The Mann-Whitney or Student t test was applied for comparison of continuous variables between two independent groups, and One-way Analysis of Variance with post-hoc Tukey for comparison between three or more groups. Instruments: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Diffuse Attention Test -TEDIF-III, Focused Attention Test -TECON-III, Letter-Number Sequencing -WAIS III, Digit Span -WAIS III, Matrix Reasoning -WAIS III, Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL-Lipp), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Questionnaire applied to the ATCO. Results: The ATCO presented mean scores above the population mean for assessment of cognitive flexibility, strategic planning and ability to generate solutions, especially among the group of controllers with 0-5 years of service, whose scores were statistically significant. Considering the Digits, Letter-Number Sequencing and Matrix Reasoning subsets, the ATCO presented weighted scores above the mean, indicating efficient performance in working memory, visual information processing and abstract reasoning. The classification of average and below average prevailed in the focused attention evaluation, with these rates being within the population mean. In the diffuse attention test, they presented an increasing growth between the mean number of correct responses and time of task performance, implying an ability to maintain complex diffuse attention, efficient control of interferences and absence of impairment due to time pressure. Only 16% of the ATCO presented stress symptomatology, with a predominance of physical symptoms (62%). In the evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), statistical significance was identified between sleep and place of work. The ATCO with positive EDS scores worked rotating shifts that included the nighttime period. Conclusion: The executive functioning of ATCO is not influenced by shift work, technical qualification or length of service. Executive functioning is associated with the successful performance of key cognitive resources, such as memory, attention abstract reasoning, planning and flexibility to change. === Objetivo: Avaliar fun??es executivas dos Controladores de Tr?fego A?reo (CTA) relacionando-as com caracter?sticas da atividade profissional, como tempo de servi?o, habilita??o t?cnica e turnos de trabalho. Avaliar estresse e sonol?ncia diurna excessiva em CTA, visando identificar os impactos destas vari?veis na atividade atencional. M?todo: Participaram 52 CTA, pertencentes a 3 ?rg?os de controle de tr?fego a?reo (A, B e C). A sele??o amostral caracterizou-se como n?o probabil?stica com abordagem por conveni?ncia com sele??o sequencial. A apresenta??o dos resultados ocorreu pela estat?stica descritiva atrav?s da distribui??o absoluta e relativa (n-%), bem como, pelas medidas de tend?ncia central e de variabilidade com estudo da distribui??o de dados pelo teste de Shappiro Wilk. Na compara??o entre vari?veis qualitativas foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson (?2) ou Exato de Fisher. Para as vari?veis cont?nuas, quando a compara??o ocorreu entre dois grupos independentes foi aplicado o teste de t-Student ou de Mann Whitney. E na compara??o entre tr?s ou mais grupos foi utilizada a An?lise de Vari?ncia (One way) ? Post Hoc Tukey. Instrumentos: Teste Wisconsin de Classifica??o de Cartas (WCST), Teste de Aten??o Difusa-TEDIF III,Teste aten??o concentrada ?TECON III, Seq??ncia de N?meros e Letras-WAIS III, D?gitos-WAIS III, Racioc?nio Matricial-WAIS III, Invent?rio para Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos?(ISSL-Lipp), Escala de Sonol?ncia Epworth (ESE), Question?rio Aplicado aos CTA. Resultados: Na avalia??o da flexibilidade cognitiva, planejamento estrat?gico e capacidade de gerar solu??es os CTA apresentaram escores acima da m?dia populacional predominando para estas medidas escores com signific?ncia estat?stica no grupo de controladores que tem de 0 a 5 anos de servi?o. Nos subtestes D?gitos, Sequ?ncia de n?meros e letras e Racioc?nio matricial, os CTA apresentaram escores ponderados acima da m?dia significando desempenho eficiente em mem?ria operacional processamento de informa??o visual e racioc?nio abstrato. Na avalia??o de aten??o concentrada predominou classifica??o m?dia e m?dia inferior, ?ndices esses dentro da m?dia populacional. Na aten??o difusa apresentaram crescimento ascendente entre o n?mero m?dio de acertos e tempo de execu??o da tarefa, significando capacidade em manter aten??o difusa complexa, eficiente controle das interfer?ncias e aus?ncia de preju?zos mediante press?o de tempo. Apenas 16% dos CTA apresentaram Sintomatologia de Estresse (SE), com predom?nio de sintomas f?sicos (62%). Na avalia??o da Sonol?ncia Diurna Excessiva (SDE), identificamos signific?ncia estat?stica entre sono e local de trabalho. Os CTA com escores para SDE trabalham em turnos rotativos que incluem per?odo da madrugada. Conclus?o: O Funcionamento executivo em CTA n?o sofre influ?ncia dos turnos de trabalho, habilita??o t?cnica ou tempo de servi?o. Funcionamento executivo est? associado ao desempenho eficiente de recursos cognitivos determinantes como mem?ria, aten??o, racioc?nio abstrato, planejamento e flexibilidade a mudan?as.