Jornalismo de (im)precis?o : o conhecimento matem?tico e a apura??o de n?meros

• Main Author: Gehlen, Marco Ant?nio
• Other Authors: Dornelles, Beatriz Corr?a Pires
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul 2016
• Subjects: JORNALISMO; COMUNICA??O; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::COMUNICACAO
• Online Access: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7001

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS ([e-mail]) on 2016-10-18T19:07:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARCO_ANTONIO_GEHLEN_COMPLETO.pdf: 8198677 bytes, checksum: e826c0b158ac052b4f2408e6f3da274c (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T19:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARCO_ANTONIO_GEHLEN_COMPLETO.pdf: 8198677 bytes, checksum: e826c0b158ac052b4f2408e6f3da274c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 === This study investigates the journalistic treatment given to figures in professional practices of news report, from a discussion established through Precision Journalism, Investigative Journalism and Data Journalism Theories, as well as through the ultimate singling of the mathematical skills needed for contemporary journalism practice. The research was composed by eight methodological stages, in which we conducted interviews with prominent professionals in their working areas; applied questionnaires to students and journalists aiming to understand their relations with numbers; and used Content Analysis in a sample of news reports - standard and with data - that have been published in newspapers, focusing on identifying how figures were included in the news construction. As a result, we verified that 73% of journalism students and 60% of conventional journalists from various surveyed newsrooms claim that they do not like mathematics, although 82% of the professionals have pointed out that usually make news and / or reports using figures. From the investigative journalists we have talked to, 94% say they have felt the necessity to know more about mathematics when they were investigating some agendas, and 95% from the total of the surveyed journalists believe that, due to little affinity, journalists heavily rely on figures informed by their sources. The study mapped the figures published in 110 texts from a complete edition of a printed newspaper and concluded that 84% of them had numbers. From this, it has come to a typology with eleven categories of figures used in the construction of texts. A comparison of the numbers found in conventional reports and data reports revealed that the predominant differential is that the figures published in the data reports are obtained from databases and undergo mathematical operations performed by the newsroom team, that is, journalists are starting to make the numbers which will compose their news report. Regarding the necessary mathematical knowledge and skills to act in contemporary journalism, basic operations prove to be sufficient to perform operations for conventional reports, but data report teams have demonstrated greater mathematical and quantitative reasoning on a scenario of growing availability of databases and numbers which can be subject to further newspaper interest. We also extend, in this sense, the demand for statistical knowledge in handling and investigating such data. Therefore, in cases of reports that use numbers, journalistic ?flair? and / or journalistic ?intuition? do not constitute just an instinct, but we presume a new kind of quantitative knowledge capable of enabling the journalist to see what the data tell. === Este estudo investiga os tratamentos jornal?sticos concedidos aos n?meros nas pr?ticas profissionais da reportagem, a partir de discuss?o estabelecida com as teorias do Jornalismo de Precis?o, Jornalismo Investigativo e Jornalismo de Dados, e com sinaliza??o final das compet?ncias matem?ticas demandadas para a pr?tica do jornalismo contempor?neo. A pesquisa foi composta por oito etapas metodol?gicas fazendo uso de entrevistas com profissionais de proemin?ncia em suas ?reas de atua??o; aplica??o de question?rios a alunos e jornalistas em busca de compreender as rela??es destes com os n?meros; e an?lise de conte?do em amostra de reportagens - convencionais e de dados - que foram veiculadas em jornais impressos, com foco em identificar como os n?meros compuseram a constru??o das not?cias. Como resultado, verificou-se que 73% dos alunos de jornalismo e 60% dos jornalistas convencionais de diversas reda??es pesquisados afirmam n?o gostar de matem?tica, embora 82% dos profissionais tenham apontado que costumam fazer not?cias e/ou reportagens usando n?meros. Dos jornalistas investigativos ouvidos, 94% dizem que j? sentiram necessidade de conhecer mais de matem?tica quando apuravam uma pauta e 95% do total de profissionais pesquisados acreditam que, por pouca afinidade, os jornalistas confiam demasiadamente nos n?meros repassados pelas fontes. O estudo mapeou os n?meros publicados em 110 textos de uma edi??o completa de jornal impresso e concluiu que 84% deles possu?am n?meros. A partir disso, chegou a uma tipologia com onze categorias de n?meros utilizados nas constru??es de textos. A compara??o entre n?meros em reportagens convencionais e reportagens de dados revelou que o diferencial predominante ? que os dados num?ricos publicados nas reportagens de dados s?o obtidos a partir de bases de dados e passam por opera??es matem?ticas efetuadas pela pr?pria equipe de reda??o, ou seja, os jornalistas passam a construir os n?meros que v?o compor suas not?cias. Quanto ?s capacidades e conhecimentos matem?ticos necess?rios para atuar no jornalismo contempor?neo, opera??es b?sicas mostram ser suficientes no sentido de opera??es a serem realizadas para reportagens convencionais, mas as equipes de reportagens de dados t?m demonstrado maior racioc?nio matem?tico-quantitativo diante de um cen?rio de crescente disponibilidade de bases de dados e de n?meros pass?veis de novas investidas jornal?sticas. Amplia-se tamb?m, nesse sentido, a demanda por conhecimentos estat?sticos para manipula??o e apura??o desses dados. No caso das reportagens que utilizam n?meros, portanto, o ?faro? e/ou o ?tino? jornal?sticos n?o se configuram apenas como instintivos, mas presume-se um novo conhecimento de ordem quantitativa capaz de possibilitar que o jornalista enxergue o que dizem os dados.