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Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === This study investigated the activity budget, diet composition and the frequency
of intergroup encounters and howling sessions of three social groups of brown howler
monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) to evaluate the occurrence of within- and
between-group feeding competition and test predictions of socioecological models
applied to folivorous primates. The groups inhabited a 10-ha forest fragment near the
southern limit of the distribution of the taxon. The availability of preferred food
resources (ripe fruit and young leaves) of 15 arboreal species belonging to the diet of
brown howlers was monitored monthly prior to the collection of behavioral data. The
behavior was recorded by the instantaneous scan (activity budget and diet composition)
and the all occurrences (intergroup encounters, agonistic behaviors and howling
sessions) sampling methods during 4 to 5 days per month (February to July 2012) per
group. A total of 17,184 behavioral records were collected in 910 hours of observation.
Resting was the most common activity (50-54%), followed by feeding (21-23%) and
moving (17-21%). The diet was composed mainly of leaves (48-54%) and fruit (39-
45%). There were 52 intergroup encounters, 3 intragroup and 13 intergroup agonistic
interactions and 245 howling sessions. Therefore, in accordance to previous studies, the
brown howler monkeys were involved in low levels of both within- and between-group
resource competition. However, the availability of new leaves and ripe fruit were good
predictors of the rate of intergroup encounters and howling sessions by some groups,
allowing to suggest that howler monkeys appear to reduce the frequency of encounters
with conspecifics by using howling as a behavioral mechanism for maintaining
intergroup spacing and obtaining access to sources of preferred foods. === O presente estudo investigou o or?amento de atividades, a composi??o da dieta e
a frequ?ncia de encontros e as sess?es de ronco em tr?s grupos de bugios-ruivos
(Alouatta guariba clamitans) vivendo em um fragmento florestal de 10 ha, pr?ximo ao
limite sul da distribui??o do t?xon, a fim de avaliar a ocorr?ncia de competi??o
alimentar intra- e intergrupo e testar predi??es de modelos socioecol?gicos para
primatas fol?voros. A disponibilidade dos recursos preferidos fruto maduro e folha nova
de 15 esp?cies arb?reas conhecidas da dieta do t?xon foi monitorada mensalmente pelo
m?todo de Fournier, antes do per?odo de coleta de dados comportamentais pelo m?todo
de varredura instant?nea (or?amento de atividades e composi??o da dieta) e todas as
ocorr?ncias (encontros intergrupo, comportamentos agon?sticos e sess?es de ronco),
durante 4 a 5 dias por m?s (fevereiro a julho de 2012) por grupo. Foram obtidos 17.184
registros comportamentais em 910 horas de observa??o. O descanso foi o
comportamento mais comum (50-54%), seguido pela alimenta??o (21-23%) e
locomo??o (17-21%). A dieta foi composta principalmente por folhas (48-54%) e frutos
(39-45%). Foram registrados 52 encontros intergrupo, 3 intera??es agon?sticas
intragrupo e 13 intergrupo e 245 sess?es de ronco. Em geral, houve uma baixa
frequ?ncia de intera??es agon?sticas intra- e intergrupo entre os grupos estudados
sugerindo um baixo n?vel de competi??o por recursos, o que corrobora estudos
anteriores. Por?m, a disponibilidade de folhas novas e frutos maduros foram bons
preditores das taxas de encontro intergrupo e de sess?es de ronco em alguns grupos, o
que permite sugerir que os bugios parecem reduzir o enfretamento direto com
conspec?ficos usando o ronco como mecanismo comportamental para manter o
espa?amento e o acesso a fontes de alimentos preferidos.
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