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Previous issue date: 2014-12-10 === The Court of Auditors in the Brazilian constitutional regime is responsible for controlling the direct and indirect public administration in all the powers and units of the federation. Control by the Court of Auditors is the technical and political expression of the limitation of the power of rulers. It is the self-control of the State over the State, carried out in the name of the People. It is thousands of years old and is mentioned in books and documents regarding control among the Hebrews, in the form of rules with a narrative and literary-religious framework. The Greeks and Romans created collegial institutions of magistrates as part of the democratic and republican systems. The predominance of feudalism and religion eclipsed the State institutions, however, in Italian and French cities and in England, control was exerted on behalf of the interests of the commons, the king, or imposing limits on the power of royalty. The inflection towards permanent republican institutionalization as the result of a radical conflict with the previous regime is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed during the French Revolution, which radically defenestrated the aristocratic and feudal regime and imposed the popular and social rights of control limiting power. When the Republic was proclaimed in Brazil the Court of Auditors was instituted to solve financial aspects and organize the administration of accounts. During authoritarian periods, the Court remained in recess or had no authority. The newborn republic prevailed over the reaction against control. When Brazil became a democracy again, in 1988, the Court of Auditors in Brazil became the institution of the State that controls public administration. Its powers were broadened, and from the Constitution emerged the independence and autonomy to carry out its tasks, equivalently to the Courts of Justice. In the Brazilian Democratic Rule of Law the purpose of the Court of Auditors converges with the fundamental values: democracy, republic and human rights. Some problems and voids have still been identified in the Brazilian control system; proposals are presented to solve them === O Tribunal de Contas, no regime constitucional brasileiro, exerce as atribui??es de controle da administra??o p?blica direta e indireta, em todos os poderes e unidades da federa??o. O controle pelo Tribunal de Contas ? a express?o t?cnico-pol?tica da limita??o do poder dos governantes. Ele ? o autocontrole do Estado sobre o Estado, exercido em nome do povo. Milenar, encontram-se registros em livros e documentos do controle entre os hebreus consignados em normas com moldura narrativa e forma l?tero-religiosa. Os gregos e romanos criaram institui??es colegiadas, magistraturas insertas em sistemas democr?tico e republicano, respectivamente. Dos povos da Antiguidade, herdou-se o legado civilizat?rio. O predom?nio do feudalismo e da religi?o eclipsaram as institui??es estatais; entretanto, em cidades italianas, francesas e na Inglaterra, o controle exerceu-se no interesse da comuna, do rei ou impondo limites ? casa real. A inflex?o para a institucionaliza??o republicana permanente, resultado de um conflito radical com o regime anterior ? a Declara??o Universal dos Direitos do Homem, proclamada durante a Revolu??o Francesa, que defenestra, radicalmente, o regime aristocr?tico-feudal e imp?e o direito popular e social do controle limitador do poder. A Proclama??o da Rep?blica no Brasil institui o Tribunal de Contas, saneador das finan?as e organizador da administra??o cont?bil. Nos per?odos autorit?rios, o Tribunal ? mantido em recesso ou sem autoridade. Venceu a nascente rep?blica a rea??o ao controle. Com a redemocratiza??o de 1988, o Tribunal de Contas no Brasil torna-se institui??o de Estado que controla a administra??o p?blica, ampliadas as suas atribui??es, emergindo da Carta a independ?ncia, a autonomia para as suas atribui??es, equiparado aos Tribunais de Justi?a. No Estado Democr?tico de Direito brasileiro a fun??o do Tribunal de Contas ? convergente aos valores fundamentais: democracia, rep?blica e direitos humanos. Quedam problemas e lacunas identificadas no sistema brasileiro de controle; para eles se apresentam proposi??es visando resolv?-los
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