S?ntese de biodiesel a partir do farelo de arroz via cat?lise enzim?tica

• Main Author: Pereira, Jos? Evandro Saraiva
• Other Authors: Ligabue, Rosane Ang?lica
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul 2015
• Subjects: ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS; BIODIESEL - PRODU??O; REA??ES QU?MICAS; CAT?LISE; ENZIMAS; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS
• Online Access: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3238

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 450942.pdf: 4010339 bytes, checksum: dc351c22fdec0c4f0d2110191ee28e2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 === Technological advances that allow reducing the biodiesel production process costs practiced today, are needed to make it more competitive against fossil fuels costs. In this context, the present work studied two methods for the synthesis of biodiesel via enzymatic catalysis using rice bran and the crude oil extracted from it, through the biotransformation of oil in the rice bran and using the lipase found in raw material as biocatalyst. When it was used the molar ratios of methanol:oil 8:1 and hexane:methanol 12:1, 35?C, 180 rpm, 10.5% moisture, 25 g of rice bran for 24 h the reaction with the addition of methanol in two steps has been reached 5.7% conversion to methyl esters. This result demonstrated that the hydrophobic organic solvent with log P > 3 assisted enzymatic catalysis when compared polar solvent (acetronitrile/t-butanol/methanol). The pH adjustment of the medium with the addition of potassium methoxide (1% w/w KOH/oil) under the same reaction conditions increased in 2.2 times conversion to methyl esters (12.9%). The addition of higher concentrations of potassium methoxide (1.5 and 2% w/w) kept the pH ≈ 7, but had no effect on the conversion to methyl esters, unlike promoted a decrease to 10.7% and 7.1%, respectively. The enzymatic catalysis performed on the crude oil extracted from rice bran with molar ratios of methanol:oil 3:1 and hexane:methanol 3:1 using Porcine pancreatic lipase keeping constant the other reaction parameters, led to a 72.1% of conversion to methyl esters. This work showed that, under suitable conditions, the enzyme lipase is more protected from methanol toxicity, while it improves the solubility of the alcohol in the oil thereby promoting the synthesis of biodiesel from rice bran. === Avan?os tecnol?gicos que possibilitem reduzir os custos do processo de produ??o de biodiesel praticados hoje em dia s?o necess?rios, para torn?-lo mais competitivo frente aos combust?veis f?sseis. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho estudou a s?ntese de biodiesel via cat?lise enzim?tica utilizando o farelo de arroz e o ?leo bruto extra?do deste atrav?s da biotransforma??o do ?leo no farelo de arroz e utilizando a lipase presente nesta mat?ria-prima como biocatalisador. Ao se usar as raz?es molares de 8:1 de metanol:?leo e 12:1 de hexano:metanol, 35?C, 180 rpm, 10,5% de umidade, 25 g de farelo de arroz, durante 24 h de rea??o com adi??o de metanol em duas etapas foi alcan?ado 5,7% de convers?o em ?steres met?licos. Este resultado demonstrou que o solvente org?nico hidrof?bico com log P > 3 auxiliou a cat?lise enzim?tica quando comparado com um solvente polar (acetronitrila/t-butanol/metanol). O ajuste de pH do meio com a adi??o de met?xido de pot?ssio (1% m/m KOH/?leo), nas mesmas condi??es reacionais, aumentou em 2,2 vezes a convers?o em ?steres met?licos (12,9%). A adi??o de maiores concentra??es de met?xido de pot?ssio (1,5 e 2% m/m) manteve o pH ≈ 7, mas n?o teve efeito na convers?o em ?steres met?licos, ao contr?rio promoveu uma redu??o para 10,7% e 7,1%, respectivamente. A cat?lise enzim?tica realizada sobre o ?leo bruto extra?do do farelo de arroz nas raz?es molares de 3:1 de metanol:?leo e 3:1 de hexano:metanol utilizando a lipase Porcine pancreas, mantendo-se constante os outros par?metros reacionais, levou a uma convers?o de 72,1% em ?steres met?licos. Este trabalho mostrou que, em condi??es adequadas, a enzima lipase est? mais protegida da toxidade do metanol, ao mesmo tempo em que melhora a solubilidade deste ?lcool no ?leo promovendo assim a s?ntese de biodiesel a partir do farelo de arroz.