Avalia??o da postura e distribui??o da press?o plantar e os efeitos da orienta??o para o exerc?cio em crian?as e adolescentes com fibrose c?stica

• Main Author: Schindel, Cl?udia Silva
• Other Authors: Donadio, M?rcio Vin?cius Fagundes
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul 2015
• Subjects: MEDICINA; PEDIATRIA; FIBROSE C?STICA; DOEN?AS CR?NICAS; POSTURA; EXERC?CIOS TERAP?UTICOS; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA
• Online Access: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1420

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 449068.pdf: 853739 bytes, checksum: 3cf4fe7841c2c460526d0ee48c6d4191 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 === Objectives : To evaluate possible postural changes and the distribution of plantar pressures in patients with CF. Furthermore, were sought to evaluate the effects of an educational guideline for physical activity in children and adolescents with CF. Method : This study was divided into two phases, being held in a CF center with children and adolescents between seven and 20 years. The first phase is a cross-sectional study in which healthy subjects were selected in order to obtain a normality pattern for postural assessment and baropodometry, aiming to later comparison with patients CF. In the second phase, we performed a randomized controlled clinical trial to access the influence of the exercise guideline on the postural alterations seen in the results of phase I. Patients were assigned to two groups, 17 in the control group (G1) and 17 in the intervention group (G2). The intervention evaluated consisted of a manual with instructions for aerobic exercise and stretching. Data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the student t test. The effect size was calculated using the Effect Size Calculator tool, considering a significance level of 5%. Results : In phase I, thirty four patients with CF were included in the study with a mean age of 12.6?2.9 years and twenty of them were boys (58.8%). Thirty four healthy children with a mean age of 12.8?3.3 years were selected and paired to the CF patients. No significant baseline differences between groups were identified, as expected. CF children presented more postural deviations compared to healthy subjects. Significant differences were observed as to alignment of the head (p=0.001), shoulder girdle (p=0.015) and pelvis (p=0.001), as well as increased cervical lordosis (p=0.001) and lateral chest distance (p=0.002). Children with CF also showed higher degrees of thoracic kyphosis, although this difference was not significant (p=0.068). No significant differences were demonstrated in the baropodometry. In phase II (n=34), there were no baseline differences between both intervention and control groups. On the other hand, results demonstrate that the intervention caused a decrease in cervical lordosis (p=0.0003; ES=1.41), thoracic kyphosis (p=0.01; ES=0.89), lumbar lordosis (p=0.05; ES=0.71), lateral chest distance (p=0.01; ES=0.91) and abdominal protrusion (p=0.04; ES=0.75). In the baropodometric evaluation, there were significant differences in the mean pressure (p=0.001; ES=1.25) and in the contact area (p=0.01; ES=1.02). Conclusions : CF children and adolescents present postural changes when compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the educational guideline for exercise practice helped to improve posture in children and adolescents with CF, preventing the progression of some postural disorders. === Objetivos : Avaliar as poss?veis altera??es posturais e a distribui??o das press?es plantares em pacientes com FC. Al?m disso, buscou-se avaliar os efeitos de um programa de orienta??es para a pr?tica de exerc?cio f?sico em crian?as e adolescentes com FC. M?todo : Este estudo foi dividido em duas fases, sendo realizado em um centro de FC com crian?a e adolescentes entre sete e 20 anos. A primeira fase constitui um estudo de corte transversal, em que indiv?duos saud?veis foram selecionados com objetivo de obter um padr?o de normalidade para avalia??o postural e baropodometria visando ? compara??o com pacientes com FC. Na segunda fase, foi realizado um ensaio clinico controlado e randomizado, de orienta??es para o exerc?cio f?sico a partir dos resultados obtidos na fase I. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos, sendo 17 no grupo controle (G1) e 17 no grupo interven??o (G2). A interven??o utilizada foi um manual de orienta??es com exerc?cios f?sicos aer?bicos e alongamentos. Para an?lise de dados utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e o teste t de student . O tamanho de efeito (TE) foi calculado utilizando-se a ferramenta Effect Size Calculator, considerando-se n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Resultados : Na fase I foram inclu?das 34 crian?as e adolescentes com FC, m?dia de idade de 12,6?2,9 anos, sendo 20 pacientes (58,8%) do sexo masculino. Para o pareamento, foram inclu?das 34 crian?as saud?veis, com m?dia de idade de 12,8?3,3. Como esperado, n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos quanto ? caracteriza??o da amostra. Crian?as com FC apresentaram maiores desvios posturais em compara??o com crian?as saud?veis. Foram observadas diferen?as significativas quanto ao alinhamento da cabe?a (p=0,001), cintura escapular (p=0,015) e pelve (p=0,001), assim como aumento da lordose cervical (p=0,001) e dist?ncia latero-lateral do t?rax ( p=0,002). Crian?as com FC tamb?m apresentaram maiores graus de cifose tor?cica, embora essa diferen?a n?o tenha sido significativa (p=0,068). Os resultados da baropodometria n?o demonstraram diferen?as estatisticamente significativas. Na fase II (n= 34), n?o houve diferen?as na avalia??o inicial entre os grupos interven??o e controle. Por outro lado, os resultados demonstram que a interven??o provocou uma diminui??o na lordose cervical (p=0,0003; TE=1,41), na cifose tor?cica (p=0,01; TE=0,89), na lordose lombar (p=0,05; TE=0,71), na dist?ncia lateral do t?rax (p=0,01; TE=0,91) e na protus?o abdominal (p=0,04; TE=0,75). Na avalia??o baropodom?trica, houve diferen?a significativa na press?o m?dia (p=0,001; TE=1,25) e na ?rea de contato (p=0,01; TE=1,02). Conclus?o : Crian?as e adolescentes com FC apresentam altera??es posturais quando comparados com indiv?duos saud?veis. Al?m disso, o estudo demonstrou que a orienta??o para a pr?tica de exerc?cios contribui para a melhora da postura em crian?as e adolescentes com FC, evitando a progress?o de algumas desordens posturais.