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Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 === Major depression disorder is associated with elevated risk of numerous metabolic disturbances. Leptin resistance or deficiency have been suggested in mood regulation. Here, we investigate whether leptin levels are associated with current depression in a nested population-based study cross-sectional paired. We evaluate 256 subjects, 128 control and 128 individuals diagnosed with current depression by a structured diagnostic interview Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and were drugnaïve for antidepressive. Individuals were categorized according to body mass index (BMI) in normal weight (≥18.5 and <25.0), overweight (≥25.0 and <29.9) or obese (≥30.0). Higher leptin levels was associated with female sex (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.093), and decreased in physically active subjects (p=0.001). In gender and BMI stratified sample, lower leptin levels were associated with current depression only in normal-weight women related to control group [12.57(5.34-24.94) ng/mL vs 23.35 (11.70-53.58) ng/mL, respectively; p=0.016]. Linear regression analysis reveals that leptin is an independent factor for current depression (β=-0.239; p=0.045) after adjustment for physical activity. Our results shows that current depression in women are associated with reduced levels of serum leptin, in a gender and BMI dependent manner === N
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