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Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 === Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas === Adolescence is a period of life when individuals are vulnerable to stress and the development of emotional and behavioral problems, but which can be changed with coping strategies and a temperament based on self-regulation. This dissertation was based on a developmental perspective and analyzed the role of temperament and coping as mediator and moderator variables in the relationships among stressors/stress and emotional and behavioral problems (BP), as well as internalizing (IP) and externalizing (EP) problems experienced by adolescents. The study s participants were 83 adolescents (67.47% girls), aged between 12 and 15 years old (M = 13.65); 38.55% were attending the 7th grade and 61.45% were in the 8th grade of a public school in a medium-sized city in the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Brazil Criterion, an economic classification developed by ABEP, was applied together with the Youth Self-Report (YSR), the Adolescent Perceived Events Scale (APES); Escala de Estresse para Adolescentes [the Stress Scale for Adolescents]; Escala de Enfrentamento [the Coping Scale]; and the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire - Revised (EATQ-R). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that adolescents with a higher a) number of stressors, b) level of stress, and c) level of extroversion were more likely to experience BP. Adolescents with a higher a) number of stressors and b) level of extroversion, and c) lower effortful control were those more likely to experience EP, while adolescents with a higher level of stress were more likely to experience IP. The structural equation analysis revealed that adolescents experiencing BP were a) male, b) with higher levels of stress, c) a greater number of stressors, d) higher levels of extroversion, and e) lower levels of affiliation. Adolescents with EP were those with a) higher levels of extroversion, b) lower effortful control, and c) a greater number of stressors, while those experiencing IP were male adolescents facing higher levels of stress. The analysis of structural equation indicated a mediation effect for control with effort and negative affect.Linear regression analysis indicated that the relationship between stress and BP was significant (moderation effect) among adolescents with lower effortful control, while the relationship between stress and EP was significant (moderation) for those with a smaller repertoire of coping strategies. It also showed that the relationship between stressors and BP was significant (moderation) among adolescents with low levels of extroversion. Understanding the processes involved in the development of psychopathologies among adolescents favors their prevention and the development of more efficacious interventions. === A adolesc?ncia ? um per?odo do ciclo vital vulner?vel ao estresse e ao desenvolvimento de problemas emocionais e de comportamento, os quais podem ser alterados pelos processos de enfrentamento (coping) e pelo temperamento, com base na autorregula??o. Com uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista, esta Tese analisou a fun??o do temperamento e do enfrentamento como vari?veis mediadoras e moderadoras na rela??o entre os estressores/estresse e os problemas emocionais e de comportamento [PC] e os problemas do tipo internalizante [PI] e externalizante [PE] nos adolescentes. Participaram 83 adolescentes (67,47% meninas), entre os 12 e os 15 anos de idade (M = 13,65), sendo que 38,55% cursavam o 8? Ano e 61,45% o 9? Ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola p?blica de uma cidade de m?dio porte do Estado de S?o Paulo. Foram aplicados, em grupo, os Crit?rios de Classifica??o Econ?mica Brasil da ABEP; o Invent?rio de Autoavalia??o para Adolescentes (Youth Self-Report YSR); a Escala de Eventos Percebidos para Adolescentes (Adolescent Perceived Events Scale APES); a Escala de Estresse para Adolescentes; a Escala de Enfrentamento; e o Question?rio de Temperamento Adolescente Revisado Forma Completa (Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire Revised - EATQ-R). A an?lise de regress?o log?stica multivariada indicou que os adolescentes com um maior risco para a ocorr?ncia dos PC foram aqueles com maior: a) n?mero de estressores, b) n?vel de estresse, e c) n?vel de extrovers?o. J? os adolescentes com um maior risco para os PE foram aqueles com: a) maior n?mero de estressores, b) maior n?vel de extrovers?o, e c) menor n?vel de controle com esfor?o; e os adolescentes com maior risco para os PI foram aqueles com maior n?vel de estresse. As an?lises de equa??es estruturais indicaram que os adolescentes com PC foram aqueles com: a) maior n?vel de estresse, b) do sexo masculino, c) maior n?mero de estressores, d) maior n?vel de extrovers?o, e e) menor n?vel de afilia??o. J? os adolescentes com PE foram aqueles com: a) maior n?vel de extrovers?o, b) menor n?vel de controle com esfor?o, e c) maior n?mero de estressores, e os adolescentes com PI foram aqueles com maior n?vel de estresse e do sexo masculino. As an?lises de equa??es estruturais indicaram um efeito de media??o para o controle com esfor?o e para o afeto negativo. A an?lise de regress?o linear indicou que a rela??o entre o estresse e os PC foi mais significativa (efeito de modera??o) para os adolescentes com menor n?vel de controle com esfor?o, e a rela??o entre o estresse e os PE foi mais significativa (efeito de modera??o) para os adolescentes com menor repert?rio de fam?lias de enfrentamento. Tamb?m indicou que a rela??o entre os estressores e os PC foi mais significativa (efeito de modera??o) para os adolescentes com baixo n?vel de extrovers?o. A compreens?o dos processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da psicopatologia, nos adolescentes, favorece a preven??o e a elabora??o de interven??es mais eficazes para esta popula??o.
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