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Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 === Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas === This doctoral thesis develops an historical-systematic analysis of different accounts in psychology with the aim of tackling the association between psychological internal developments and social and historical circumstances or broader philosophical debates. Here is argued that psychology as a particular social complex emerged when bourgeoisie converted the task of understanding human self-activity into a function of justification and naturalization of social order. To defend this thesis the broader historical and philosophical background that gave rise to psychology is highlighted. To analyse the creation of psychology the notion of ideological decadence developed by Luk?cs, was employed. The argument is sustained through the discussion of three groups of psychological projects that developed between 19th and 21st centuries: (a) projects that began with Wundtian psychology and ended with the behaviourist turn in USA; (b) approaches that articulated Marxism and psychology that emerged between Russian revolution in 1917 and Cuban revolution during the second half of 20th century; (c) different traditions of critical psychology that emerged after 1968 and that are developing until 21st century. Considerations on the relationship between psychology, individualism and Marxism are made and, then, in the final remarks, the possibilities of creating a Marxist psychology and of overcoming apologetics are discussed. === O presente trabalho empreende uma an?lise hist?rico-sistem?tica de alguns projetos de psicologia com a finalidade de problematizar a rela??o entre os desdobramentos internos da psicologia com os acontecimentos hist?rico-sociais e debates filos?ficos mais gerais. Argumenta-se que a psicologia enquanto complexo social espec?fico nasceu quando a busca de compreens?o da autoatividade humana pela burguesia foi abandonada e convertida na busca para justificar e naturalizar a ordem social. Para analisar este processo buscou-se delinear o terreno hist?rico-filos?fico mais amplo do qual brotou a psicologia e utilizou-se a categoria decad?ncia ideol?gica para problematizar o nascimento da psicologia. Para defender esta tese analisam-se tr?s conjuntos de projetos psi que se desenvolveram entre os s?culos XIX e XXI: (a) os projetos que se desenvolveram desde o surgimento do projeto de psicologia wundtiano at? o giro behaviorista ocorrido na primeira metade do s?culo XX; (b) as propostas que articularam psicologia e marxismo que emergiram entre a revolu??o russa de 1917 e a revolu??o cubana na segunda metade do s?culo XX; (c) os projetos de psicologia cr?tica que emergiram a partir de 1968 e se desenvolveram at? os primeiros anos do s?culo XXI. Uma ?nfase especial ? dada para a rela??o entre psicologia, individualismo e marxismo. Nas considera??es finais discutem-se as possibilidades de se desenvolver uma psicologia marxista e de eliminar o papel da apolog?tica no interior da psicologia.
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