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Previous issue date: 2011 === Objetivo: o presente estudo tem como objetivos investigar as demandas de formacao do nutricionista atuante no Programa de Alimentacao Escolar u PNAE, caracterizar seu perfil profissional, sua trajetoria de formacao, as demandas de aprimoramento e as facilidades e dificuldades encontradas no cotidiano do programa. Metodologia: para a coleta de dados, enviou-se, por e-mail, uma carta-convite aos nutricionistas que atuam no PNAE, com orientacao para acesso da home page da pesquisa, onde se disponibilizava o questionario estruturado a ser respondido apos concordancia com o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram realizados um tratamento estatistico descritivo dos dados e uma analise das questoes abertas de forma a estabelecer o perfil dos nutricionistas, sua trajetoria de formacao, a atuacao no PNAE, as demandas de aprimoramento da formacao. Resultados e Discussao: a pesquisa contou com a participacao de 246 nutricionistas, dos quais 98,4% do sexo feminino, 34,3% com ate cinco anos de formacao na graduacao e 42% que concluiram o curso entre cinco e 10 anos, ou seja, a maioria dos egressos em periodos posteriores as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. A abordagem dos conteudos referentes ao PNAE fez parte da graduacao de 66% dos nutricionistas, porem, 79% deles acreditam que de forma insuficiente. Com isso, para atuar no programa, 31% deles realizaram cursos de aperfeicoamento, aprimoramento ou Pós-graduação na area. Uma porcentagem expressiva (66,5%) tem tempo de atuacao no PNAE de ate cinco anos. Foram admitidos por concursos publicos 40,3%, enquanto os demais ingressaram por contrato (23,8%), prestacao de servico (9,9%) ou cargo comissionado (1,5%). A maioria dos nutricionistas (80,8%) atua em apenas um municipio, o que facilita o adequado atendimento da populacao. Os atributos para atuacao no programa mais citados pelos participantes foram: conhecimento tecnico (40%), criatividade (14,6%), trabalho em equipe (12%) e dinamicidade (12%). As facilidades dos nutricionistas para atuar no PNAE mais citadas foram: colaboracao dos gestores (20,7%), comprometimento da equipe de trabalho (20,7%) e autonomia profissional (12,3%). As dificuldades mais citadas foram: desenvolvimento de cardapios de baixo custo e adequados nutricionalmente (33%), falta de apoio dos gestores (15,4%) e escassez de recursos humanos (15,4%). As demandas de formacao para aprimorar a atuacao no PNAE explicitadas foram: elaboracao de cardapios adequados nutricionalmente e ao custo (35,3%), maior participacao nos processos de educacao nutricional, com desenvolvimento de material e metodos de aplicacao a clientela do PNAE (35,3%), participacao em processos licitatorios (22%), participacao em aprimoramentos conjuntos, que incluam todos os envolvidos no processo da alimentacao escolar e que promovam trocas de experiencias e de praticas exitosas. Colocou-se ainda a necessidade de valorizacao do nutricionista e de sensibilizacao dos gestores para a importancia do programa e do cuidado com sua gestao. Conclusao: O descompasso entre a teoria e a pratica sugere a limitacao e o desafio do alcance da formacao almejada para o nutricionista, que nao parece acompanhar a ampliacao do seu campo de atuacao no Programa Nacional de Alimentacao Escolar === Objective: This study aims to look into the demands for training of nutritionists working in the National School Food Program (PNAE, in the Portuguese acronym), to compose a professional background on the nutritionists in the PNAE, their educational trajectories, the demands of specialization for a nutritionist to act in PNAE, and the facilities and difficulties met within the program in a daily basis.
Methodology: For data collection, a letter-invitation was e-mailed to nutritionists who work in the PNAE, guiding them to the study’s home page, where a structured questionnaire was available, for the nutritionists to fill after providing Written Informed Consent. A Descriptive Statistic treatment was given to the data, and a content analysis of the open-ended questions was performed. The guidance points to the analysis were: the profile of the nutritionists, their career training, their action within the PNAE, and the career’s specialization demands.
Results and Discussion: Two-hundred and forty-six nutritionists participated in the study, of which 98,4% were females, 34,3% had up to five years of undergraduate study, and 42% graduated 5 to 10 years ago, that is, most graduated in a time-frame within the National Curriculum Guidelines. Matters relating to the PNAE were part of the graduation of 66% of nutritionists; however, 79% of them believe it was not sufficiently viewed. Hence, to work in the program, 31% of them went through specialization courses, or graduate studies in the field. A significant percentage (65%) has up to five years of work in the PNAE. 40,3% were admitted by public examination, while the rest were hired in a contract system (23,8%), a service system (9,9%) or in a commissioned position (1,5%). Most nutritionists (80.8%) work only in one municipality, which facilitates proper care for the population. The characteristics mentioned the most by the participants were: technical knowledge (40%), creativity (14,6%), teamwork (12%), and dynamicity (12%). The facilities for working in the PNAE that most nutritionists cited were: manager cooperation (20,7%), commitment from the work team (20,7%), and professional autonomy (12,3%). The most noted difficulties were: developing low cost menus that are nutritionally adequate (33%), lack of manager support (15,4%), and low human resources (15,4%). The career demands for improving work in PNAE that were mentioned most by participants were: developing low cost menus that are nutritionally adequate (35,3%), larger participation in nutritional education processes, with the development of material and methods for application for the PNAE’s target population (35,3%), participation in public biddings (22%), participation in joint specialization processes which include all the professionals involved in the process of preparing and distributing food in schools, and that promote the sharing of experiences and of successful practices. The need for valuing nutritionists and of creating awareness among the managers to the importance of the program and of the care for its management was also noted. Conclusion: The gap between theory and practice suggests limiting the scope and challenge for the desired training nutritionist, that does not seem to follow the expansion of its field in the National School Nutrition. === BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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