Política de substituição de importações: a experiência de industrialização da África do Sul

• Main Author: Soares, Danielle de Almeida Mota
• Other Authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) 2017
• Subjects: política de substituição de importações; industrialização; África do Sul; apartheid; import substitution policy; industrialization; South Africa
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152132

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No. of bitstreams: 1 soares_dam_me_arafcl.pdf: 1490298 bytes, checksum: 518333f82ddab2cddc2ecd9511f2c125 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 === Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) === A industrialização foi um processo transformador para as sociedades modernas, alterando as relações sociais e econômicas. Na África do Sul, teve a peculiaridade de ocorrer em conjunto com o regime de apartheid, o que por muitas vezes desviou os estudos acadêmicos para a negligência com os direitos humanos e relações políticas. Diante disto, o objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma análise das motivações, contexto, condução e resultados da política de substituição de importações sul-africana, amparada na teoria disponível sobre o tema, nos estudos específicos sobre essa experiência de política e, também, em dados secundários. A industrialização da África do Sul apresenta algumas indústrias relacionadas à mineração que são fortificadas com os incentivos do Governo depois da Primeira Guerra Mundial. No pós-guerra, inicia-se uma política de substituição mais elaborada, em conjunto com a criação de estatais, outros incentivos e o apartheid. Apesar do crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento industrial alcançados na época, o apartheid ao mesmo tempo que forneceu mão de obra barata inicialmente, potencializou as distorções causadas pela política de substituição de importações, além de causar pressão internacional e conflitos internos. === Industrialization was a transformative process for modern societies, changing social and economic relations. In South Africa, it had the peculiarity of occurring in conjunction with the apartheid regime, which has often diverted academic studies to neglect of human rights and political relations. The objective of the present study is to analyze the motivations, context, conduction and results of the South African import substitution policy, based on the available theory on the subject, in the specific studies on this policy experience, and also in secondary data. South Africa's industrialization features some mining-related industries that are fortified with government incentives after the First World War. In the post-war period, it began a more elaborate policy of substitution, in conjunction with state-building, other incentives and apartheid. Despite the economic growth and the industrial development achieved at the time, apartheid simultaneously provided cheap labor initially and potentialized the distortions caused by the import substitution policy and cause international pressure and internal conflicts.