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Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 === Estudo descritivo, correlacional, com abordagem quantitativa e delineamento transversal, cujo objetivo geral foi analisar a qualidade de vida em mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama, submetidas à cirurgia conservadora e à mastectomia. Os objetivos específicos, propuseram levantar as características sociodemográficas, clínicas, potenciais de adoecimento e fatores de proteção para o câncer de mama, em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia conservadora e à mastectomia, comparar as médias dos escores dos questionários European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 e BR-23, das pacientes do grupo da cirurgia conservadora e da mastectomia, e correlacionar as escalas funcionais e de sintomas dos questionários EORTC em ambos os grupos, com a escala do estado global de saúde e qualidade de vida (QLQ C-30). A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, parecer nº 607.171. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de maio de 2014 a maio de 2015, e a amostra total foi de 106 mulheres, sendo 66 submetidas à cirurgia conservadora, e 40 à mastectomia, acompanhadas pela equipe de mastologia do ambulatório de Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu. Para a captação dos dados foram utilizados: formulário destinado à caracterização da população, e questionários EORTC QLQ C-30 e BR-23. Pôde-se verificar que na escala funcional dos questionários EORTC, as mulheres submetidas à cirurgia conservadora apresentaram, na maioria dos domínios, médias maiores que o grupo da mastectomia. Entretanto, apenas o domínio imagem corporal apresentou-se significativo. Na escala de sintomas de ambos os questionários, o grupo da cirurgia conservadora apresentou menores médias nos domínios: dor, dispneia, insônia, constipação, dificuldade financeira e sintomas do braço e da mama, enquanto o grupo da mastectomia apresentou menores médias, nos domínios: fadiga, náusea, vômito, perda de apetite, diarreia e eventos adversos da terapia sistêmica, sendo apenas os domínios vômito e insônia significativos. Na escala do estado global de saúde e qualidade de vida, a maior média foi apresentada no grupo das mulheres submetidas à mastectomia. Quanto à correlação dos domínios dos questionários EORTC, das pacientes submetidas à cirurgia conservadora com a escala do estado global de saúde e qualidade de vida, verificou-se que os domínios que apresentaram correlação significativa foram: função física, desempenho de papéis, função emocional, função social, fadiga, dor, insônia, perda de apetite, diarreia, dificuldade financeira, eventos adversos da terapia sistêmica e sintomas do braço. Já a correlação dos domínios de ambos os questionários, no grupo das pacientes submetidas à mastectomia, com a escala de estado global de saúde e qualidade de vida, que apresentaram-se significativos foram: função emocional, insônia, dificuldade financeira e imagem corporal. Concluiu-se que, apesar do grupo da cirurgia conservadora ter apresentado médias superiores nos escores da maioria dos domínios de ambos os questionários EORTC, o grupo da mastectomia apresentou maior média na escala do estado global de saúde e qualidade de vida, demonstrando que as mulheres submetidas à mastectomia, apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida e de saúde global, após cirurgia, comparadas às submetidas à cirurgia conservadora. === This is a correlational descriptive study with a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design whose main objective is to analyze the quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy. Among the specific objectives, it was intended to raise elements such as the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the potential illness, and the protective factors for breast cancer in women undergoing breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy; to compare the mean scores of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires QLQ-C30 and BR-23 of patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy; and also to correlate the functional and symptom scales of the EORTC questionnaires in both groups with the global health and quality-of-life scale (QLQ-C30). The Research Ethics Committee of Botucatu Medical School approved to perform the research with verdict No. 607.171. The data collection period was from May 2014 to May 2015, and the total sample was of 106 women. From these patients, 66 underwent breast-conserving surgery and 40 underwent mastectomy, and they were followed up by the mastology team of the Gynecology Outpatient Service of Botucatu University Hospital. Among the main results, it was verified that, in the functional scale of the EORTC questionnaires, the patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery had averages higher than those of the mastectomy group in most domains. However, only the body image domain was significant. In the symptom scale of both questionnaires, the breast-conserving surgery group had lower averages in these domains: pain, dyspnea, insomnia, constipation, financial difficulties, and arm and breast symptoms. On the other hand, the mastectomy group had lower averages in these domains: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and side effects of systemic therapy. The only significant domains were vomiting and insomnia. Regarding the global health and quality-of-life scale, it was found that the highest average was shown in the group of patients who underwent mastectomy. As for the correlation between the domains of the EORTC questionnaires of patients undergoing conservative surgery with the global health and quality-of-life scale, it was found that the domains showing statistically significant correlations were: physical function, role playing, emotional function, social function, fatigue, pain, insomnia, loss of appetite, diarrhea, financial difficulties, adverse events of the systemic therapy, and arm symptoms. In the correlation of the domains of both questionnaires in the group of patients undergoing mastectomy with the global health and quality-of-life scale, the significant ones were emotional function, insomnia, financial difficulties, and body image. The conclusion was that, despite the fact that the breast-conserving surgery group presented higher averages in the scores of most domains of both EORTC questionnaires, the mastectomy group had a higher average on the global health and quality-of-life scale, which demonstrates that the patients who underwent mastectomy had better quality of life and global health after the surgery compared to those who underwent breast-conserving surgery.
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