As desigualdades de g?nero no tempo total de trabalho e as regras de aposentadorias programadas: uma an?lise para o Brasil, 2014

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T20:16:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaFonsecaFelix_DISSERT.pdf: 1089373 bytes, checksum: 603966a24a61c24686f0b67a451bae5b (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 201...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: F?lix, Fernanda Fonseca
Other Authors: 07277116607
Language:Portuguese
Published: PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DEMOGRAFIA 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24888
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Summary:Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T20:16:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaFonsecaFelix_DISSERT.pdf: 1089373 bytes, checksum: 603966a24a61c24686f0b67a451bae5b (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-16T19:26:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaFonsecaFelix_DISSERT.pdf: 1089373 bytes, checksum: 603966a24a61c24686f0b67a451bae5b (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T19:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaFonsecaFelix_DISSERT.pdf: 1089373 bytes, checksum: 603966a24a61c24686f0b67a451bae5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 === As mudan?as demogr?ficas vivenciadas pela popula??o brasileira nas ?ltimas d?cadas, em especial o envelhecimento populacional e o aumento da expectativa de vida, representam um desafio para o equil?brio financeiro do sistema previdenci?rio brasileiro. Diante dessa conjuntura, o governo analisa propostas para altera??o nas regras previdenci?rias, a fim de tentar diminuir o suposto d?ficit e aumentar a arrecada??o. A igualdade nas regras de concess?o dos benef?cios para homens e mulheres ? uma das propostas do governo, que vem sendo discutida sob a justificativa de que a expectativa de vida da mulher ? maior que a dos homens. Entretanto, no contexto brasileiro, o b?nus de 5 anos no tempo de contribui??o e na idade de aposentadoria foi sugerido pela Carta das Mulheres de 1987 e consolidado na Constitui??o de 1988, como uma forma de reconhecer o papel social da mulher, que n?o ? considerado: o trabalho dedicado aos afazeres dom?sticos e o cuidado com a fam?lia; um trabalho n?o remunerado e invis?vel perante a sociedade e o Estado, al?m das diferen?as de sal?rios entre os sexos no mercado de trabalho. Portanto, o presente trabalho pretende discutir se a igualdade das regras previdenci?rias para os homens e mulheres ?, de fato, uma reforma adequada para a realidade brasileira diante das desigualdades de g?nero encontradas no mercado de trabalho e na divis?o do trabalho reprodutivo (afazeres dom?sticos). O estudo tem como objetivo estimar a diferen?a do tempo de trabalho entre homens e mulheres, considerando o tempo gasto no trabalho produtivo (no mercado de trabalho) e o tempo dedicado aos afazeres dom?sticos e cuidados com a fam?lia. Utilizando dados da PNAD de 2014, os resultados evidenciam que, embora mulheres tenham carga hor?ria remunerada quase 15% menor que a dos homens, elas dedicam 128% a mais do seu tempo em afazeres dom?sticos. Assim, as mulheres trabalham em m?dia 358 horas a mais que os homens por ano e, se esta diferen?a fosse considerada, em 30 anos as mulheres teriam tempo de contribui??o equivalente a 34,3 anos de contribui??o dos homens. Al?m disso, ao analisar as diferen?as entre os sexos por outras caracter?sticas como: escolaridade, renda, trabalho formal e informal, arranjos familiares, ra?a e faixa et?ria, verificou-se diferen?as ainda maiores no tempo de trabalho que a m?dia nacional. === The demographic changes by the Brazilian population in the last decades, especially the aging of the population and the increase in life expectancy experienced, represent a challenge for the financial equilibrium of their social security system. Given this situation, the government analyzes proposals for changes in social security rules to try decreasing the deficit, and in a way, increasing the collection. Equality in the rules for granting benefits to men and women is one of the proposals of the government, which has been discussed under the justification that the woman's life expectancy is greater than that of men. In the Brazilian context, the 5-year bonus on contribution time and retirement age was suggested by the 1987 Women's Charter and consolidated in the 1988 Constitution As a way of recognizing the social role of women, which is not recognized: work dedicated to housework, unpaid and invisible work vis-?-vis society and the State, as well as gender differences in the labor market. Therefore, the present study intends to discuss whether the equality of social security rules for men and women is in fact an adequate reform for the Brazilian reality, given the gender inequalities found in the labor market and in the division of reproductive work (housework). The study aims to estimate the difference in working time between men and women, considering the time spent in productive labor (the labor market) and the time devoted to housework and family care. Using data from the PNAD of 2014, the results show that, despite having worked with an average load, 15% less than men, they are dedicated 128% more of their time in domestic tasks. Women work an average of 358 hours more than men per year, if this difference were considered, in 30 years women would have contribution time equivalent to 34.3 years of men's contribution. And when analyzing the differences between the sexes by other characteristics such as schooling, income, formal and informal work, family arrangements, race, age group; Differences were even greater than the national average.