Study of amphotericin B molecular aggregation into different carrier systems

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Silva, Andr? Leandro
Other Authors: 38878240400
Language:Portuguese
Published: PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM BIOTECNOLOGIA 2017
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Online Access:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23518
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Summary:Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T19:59:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLeandroSilva_TESE.pdf: 10340347 bytes, checksum: 7772f16f42cbf49c9b19bfcc055d96c2 (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-19T11:52:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLeandroSilva_TESE.pdf: 10340347 bytes, checksum: 7772f16f42cbf49c9b19bfcc055d96c2 (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T11:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLeandroSilva_TESE.pdf: 10340347 bytes, checksum: 7772f16f42cbf49c9b19bfcc055d96c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 === A anfotericina B (AmB) ? um f?rmaco de caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas bastante peculiares: de car?ter anfif?lico e anfot?rico. Essas caracter?sticas tornam dif?cil sua veicula??o em sistemas terap?uticos. Atualmente, a AmB ? veiculada por via intravenosa nas formas de micelas, lipossomas e complexos lip?dicos. A literatura demonstra que existe uma ?ntima rela??o entre a forma como a AmB est? complexada ao sistema carreador e sua resposta biol?gica. Entretanto, h? uma defici?ncia nos dados de caracteriza??o fisico-qu?mica dos produtos dispon?veis contendo AmB. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica de sistemas carreadores de AmB visando uma predi??o de sua resposta biol?gica. Os sistemas micelares de AmB foram os primeiros produtos dispon?veis ? pr?tica cl?nica, de forma que sua patente expirou h? alguns anos. Neste trabalho, o sistema original e dois de seus similares foram caracterizados e o aumento da estabilidade destes sistemas ap?s aquecimento, pela forma??o dos super-agregados de AmB foi estudado. O sistema liposomal AmBisome? tamb?m foi caracterizado e, pela primeira vez, foi estudada a possibilidade de super-agrega??o, a exemplo dos sistemas micelares, a partir de lipossomas. A incorpora??o de AmB em sistemas nano e microemulsionados foi apresentada e as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas destes sistemas foram estudados, com demonstra??o de suas aplica??es no tratamento ocular de infec??es f?ngicas e tamb?m para o tratamento de leishmaniose visceral. As principais t?cnicas de caracteriza??o aplicadas foram espectroscopia UV-Vis, dicro?smo circular e espalhamento din?mico de luz. A t?cnica de calorimetria de titula??o isot?rmica (ITC) foi utilizada numa tentativa de medir a energia de forma??o dos superagregados. Adicionalmente, um derivado sol?vel de AmB foi desenvolvido e caracterizado por espectroscopia de massa at?mica, infra-vermelho, UV-Vis e dicro?smo circular, bem como incorporado em sistema microemulsionado como estrat?gia de veicula??o deste derivado sol?vel. Os resultados revelam que os sistemas contendo AmB apresentam diferentes formas de agrega??o molecular dependendo do carreador, da forma de incorpora??o do f?rmaco e do diluente empregado para redispersar o sistema. Segundo a literatura, o estado de agrega??o est? intimamente ligado ? efic?cia e ? toxicidade da mol?cula. Nos sistemas nanoemulsionados a AmB apresenta-se na forma agregada e multi-agregada. Na microemuls?o, est? incorporada na forma monom?rica. Os sistemas micelares aquecidos d?o lugar ? forma??o de super-agregados de AmB enquanto os sistemas lipossomais s?o incapazes de se modificar em super-agregados. O derivado sol?vel de AmB apresentou caracter?sticas que diferem da AmB original. Contudo, quando incorporado na microemuls?o, o estado de agrega??o ? similar ao da mol?cula original tanto nas an?lises de UV-Vis quanto de dicro?smo circular. Pode-se concluir que a forma de agrega??o de AmB varia n?o somente de acordo com o tipo de carreador, mas tamb?m com sua concentra??o no meio e com o tipo de incorpora??o, ainda que num mesmo tipo de carreador. Finalmente, o derivado sol?vel abre a possibilidade de veicula??o do f?rmaco em carreadores de car?ter aquoso para o tratamento de diversas enfermidades e por v?rias vias de administra??o. === The amphotericin B (AmB) is a drug of peculiar physicochemical features: being amphiphilic and amphoteric. These characteristics turn difficult the drug load into therapeutic systems. AmB is currently available in the market as micelles, liposomes and lipid complex for injection. The literature show that there is an intimate correlation between the AmB bound to the carrier and its biological response. However, there is a deficiency concerning the physicochemical characterization of the available AmB-containing products. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize AmB-containing carriers seeking a prediction to its biological response. The AmB-containing micellar system was the first product available for clinical use. The patent of this product has already expired some years ago. In this work we have characterized the original system and two other similar micellar products. In addition, we studied the stability increase of heated systems, by the formation of AmB ?super-aggregates?. AmBisome?, an AmB-containing liposomal system, was also characterized and, for the first time, tested for the possibility of super-aggregates formation. The AmB incorporation into nano and microemulsion systems was presented and the physicochemical characteristics evaluated, focusing mainly on applications for the treatment of fungal ocular diseases and also for visceral leishmaniasis. The main techniques used for characterization were electronic spectroscopy, circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used as an attempt to measuring the super-aggregates energy formation. Besides, an AmB soluble derivative was developed and characterized by atomic mass spectroscopy, infra-red, UV-Vis and circular dichroism. Then, this AmB-derivative was loaded into a microemulsion as a vehiculation strategy. The overall results show that the AmB-containing systems presented different molecular aggregation states that depends on the carrier, the way the drug is incorporated and also on the diluent. According to the literature, the aggregation state is associated with both, drug efficiency and toxicity. In nanoemulsion systems, the drug is found aggregated and multi-aggregated. In microemulsions, AmB is loaded as monomers. The heated micellar systems form AmB super-aggregates while the liposomal system is unable to form such molecular structure. Moreover, the AmB soluble derivative presented distinct features when compared to the original molecule. However, once incorporated into the microemulsion, the aggregation state is similar to that of the original AmB molecule, as supported by UV-Vis and circular dichroism results. It can be concluded that the AmB aggregation state varies according to the kind of carrier, the drug concentration and also the way of drug incorporation, even into one same carrier. Finally, the soluble derivative opens the possibility for drug carrying into aqueous vehicles for the treatment of many diseases by different administration routes. === 2018-04-27