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Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) === Os sistemas ambientais devem ser entendidos sob a ?tica de um todo complexo formado por partes (rochas, formas de relevo, solo, ?gua e cobertura da terra) e carregados de processos e intera??es entre os elementos, movidos pelos constantes fluxos de mat?ria e energia. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a Serra de Martins a partir de uma metodologia sist?mica com vistas ? delimita??o de Unidades Geoambientais. O primeiro cap?tulo aborda uma discuss?o te?rica acerca dos conceitos concebidos ? luz da an?lise sist?mica, destacando-se a evolu??o te?rico-metodol?gica da Teoria Geossist?mica. Al?m disso, foi tra?ada uma discuss?o acerca dos Brejos de Altitude do Nordeste brasileiro. O segundo cap?tulo objetivou uma caracteriza??o clim?tica da Serra de Martins, buscando diferenciar este maci?o das regi?es do entorno. Para tanto foram utilizados dados clim?ticos (temperatura e precipita??o) de uma s?rie hist?rica de 30 anos para os munic?pios de Ant?nio Martins e Martins, os quais subsidiaram a posteriori, o balan?o h?drico da ?rea. Como resultado, afere-se que a Serra de Martins apresenta particularidades clim?ticas influenciadas pela altitude. O terceiro cap?tulo se pautou na caracteriza??o dos aspectos geol?gicos e geomorfol?gicos da ?rea de estudo, baseando-se em levantamento de dados secund?rios, elabora??o cartogr?fica e trabalhos de campo. Com efeito, destaca-se que a Serra de Martins est? erguida sobre terrenos cristalinos de diversas litologias com a ocorr?ncia de capeamento sedimentar concentrado nas ?reas planas da Chapada. Concluiu-se ainda, que as formas de relevo presentes na ?rea est?o condicionadas ?s diferentes Unidades Litoestratigr?ficas e se classificam em unidades denudacionais e unidades agradacionais. O quarto cap?tulo traz uma caracteriza??o dos solos da ?rea de estudo, a partir de an?lises f?sica e qu?mica de amostras coletadas em 20 pontos. Posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos ? t?cnicas estat?sticas de agrupamento de dados. Assim, a discuss?o dos resultados se estabeleceu numa perspectiva f?sico-qu?mica, e as diferen?as encontradas propiciaram a compartimenta??o pedol?gica da ?rea de estudo em tr?s grupos, Depress?o, Encostas e Chapada. O quinto cap?tulo se pautou na discuss?o de como a Serra de Martins est? ocupada, sendo identificadas na ?rea as seguintes classes de cobertura da terra: Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Savana-Est?pica Florestada, Savana-Est?pica Arborizada, Agricultura Permanente, Agricultura Tempor?ria, Solo Exposto, ?rea urbana e Corpos D??gua. Os cap?tulos acima mencionados foram de fundamental import?ncia para o desenvolvimento do ?ltimo cap?tulo que intencionou a compartimenta??o geoambiental da ?rea de estudo ancorada na an?lise multivariada de dados. Deste modo, na ?rea de estudo foram identificadas as seguintes Unidades Geoambientais, sendo, f?cie 1: Superf?cies Rebaixadas de Relevo Plano a Suave Ondulado em Embasamento Cristalino com Savana-Est?pica Arborizada sobre Luvissolos, f?cie 2: Superf?cies Rebaixadas de Relevo Movimentado em Embasamento Cristalino com Savana-Est?pica Arborizada sobre Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelo Eutr?fico, f?cie 3: Escarpas Serranas de Relevo Movimentado em Embasamento Cristalino com Savana-Est?pica Floresta sobre Neossolos Lit?licos, f?cie 4: Superf?cies Tabulares com Relevo Plano em Capeamento Sedimentar com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual sobre Latossolos Amarelo Distr?ficos, f?cie 5: Escarpas Serranas com Relevo Suave Ondulado em Embasamento Cristalino com Savana-Est?pica Florestada em Neossolos Lit?licos e f?cie 6: Escarpas Erosivas de Relevo Movimentado em Embasamento Cristalino e Capeamento Sedimentar com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual sobre Latossolos Amarelo Distr?ficos. A partir dos elementos constituintes e intera??es entre estes, foi poss?vel identificar que a f?cie 4, deve ser entendida sob a luz dos Brejos de Altitude, denominada Brejo de Altitude Chapada de Martins. === Environmental systems must be understood as complex formed by its own elements (e.g., rocks, landform, soil, water bodies and land cover) and their processes and interactions, constantly driven by matter and energy flows. Thus, the present investigation used systemic metodologies aiming to identify and delimit the geoenvironmental units present at the Serra de Martins. This investigation is composed of six chapters, where at the first chapter it was established theoretical discussions of concepts designed in the light of systemic analysis, highlighting the theoretical and methodological evolution of the geosystemic theory. Furthermore, this chapter draw a discussion of the Brejo Forest at the Brazilian Northeast region. At the second chapter, it was characterized the climatic traits of the Serra de Martins region aiming to compare and differentiate it from the surrounding regions. For achieving that, it was used the the last 30 years historical series of the temperature and precipitation at the counties of Ant?nio Martins and Martins. These data provide support to a posteriori water balance analysis. As a result, it was established that the Serra de Martins exhibits climatic characteristics influenced by altitude. In the third chapter, it was characterized the geological and geomorphological aspects of the study area, based on a survey of secondary data, cartographic and field works. It allowed the observation that the Serra de Martins is built on crystalline soils of various lithologies with the occurrence of concentrated sediment capping the flat areas of the Chapada. It was further concluded that the landforms present in the area are subject to different lithostratigraphic units and are classified in denudational and agradacionais units. The fourth chapter provides a characterization of the study area soils, which was based on the physical and chemical analysis of samples collected in 20 points. Furthermore, clustering statistical analysis was used in order to provide the soil groups. Thus, the discussion of the results has established the pedological compartmentalization of the study area into three groups: Lownlands area, Slopes and Plateau. In the fifth chapter it was based how is the soil occupation at the Serra de Martins region, were the following land cover classes were identified: Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, Savannah-Est?pica Forested, Savannah-Est?pica Tree, Permanent Agriculture, Temporary Agriculture, Bare Soil, Urban area and water bodies. The above chapters were of fundamental importance to the development of the last chapter where geoenvironmental compartmentalization of the area was attempted and anchored in multivariate data analysis. Thus, in the study area, the following environmental units have been identified: facies 1: recessed surfaces Relief Plan Gentle Undulating in the Crystalline Basement with Savannah-Est?pica Tree on Luvisols; facies 2: Lowered Surface Busy relief in the Crystalline Basement with savannah-Est?pica Tree on Acrisols Red Yellow Eutrophic; facies 3: Escarpment Serranas of Busy relief in the Crystalline Basement with savannah-Est?pica Forest on Leptosols; facies 4: Tabular Surfaces Plan Relief in Basement Sedimentary with semideciduous forest on Ferralsols Yellow Dystrophic; facies 5: Escarpment Serranas with relief Gentle Undulating in the Crystalline Basement with Savannah-Est?pica Forested in Leptosols; facies 6: Escarpment Erosive of Busy relief in the Crystalline Basement and Sedimentary Cover with semideciduous forest on Ferralsols Yellow Dystrophic. Thus, based on the perspective of Brejo Forest and taking in consideration the constituent elements and their interactions, it was possible to identify the facies 4 of the Serra de Martins must be understood and termed as Chapada de Martins Altitude Swamps.
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