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Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 === A Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil (TMI) constitui-se num dos indicadores mais comumente empregados para a an?lise da situa??o de sa?de da popula??o. A identifica??o de fatores de risco relacionados a essa mortalidade pode auxiliar no planejamento de a??es para a reestrutura??o e melhoria da assist?ncia materno-infantil, visando ? redu??o dessas mortes. Trata-se de um estudo de car?ter descritivo, dentro de uma abordagem quantitativa, com objetivo geral de analisar a qualidade da investiga??o dos ?bitos infantis e fetais no contexto do munic?pio de Caic?/RN. Como participantes da pesquisa, foram inclu?dos todos os ?bitos infantis e fetais (N=55) de residentes no munic?pio de estudo, notificados e investigados no Sistema de Informa??o sobre Mortalidade - SIM no per?odo de 2010 a 2015. Foram utilizados dados secund?rios sobre os ?bitos infantis e fetais, provenientes do setor de vigil?ncia de ?bito do munic?pio e do SIM. Para melhor an?lise das investiga??es, a pesquisa seguiu dentro das seguintes dimens?es: Completude, Consist?ncia, Classifica??o de Evitabilidade e Tempo de Investiga??o, cada uma com as vari?veis de estudo correspondentes. Os dados foram analisados atrav?s de frequ?ncias absolutas e relativas utilizando-se o programa estat?stico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) vers?o 22.0. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram um baixo percentual de investiga??o (45,3%) no recorte temporal, com predomin?ncia de investiga??es ocorrendo muito ap?s o prazo oportuno, estipulado pelo MS. Estas n?o foram realizadas de forma efetiva, uma vez que foi constatado uma baixa completude e presen?a de v?rias inconsist?ncias. Do total de ?bitos infantis e fetais investigados, predominaram neste estudo (64,8%) as causas evit?veis por a??es dos servi?os de sa?de e, apenas 13,7% possu?ram concord?ncia quando comparados os resultados com base na classifica??o da Lista Brasileira de Evitabilidade e os obtidos na investiga??o realizada pelo munic?pio. De modo geral, o estudo apontou a fragilidade da vigil?ncia do ?bito no munic?pio de Caic?, principalmente no contexto do fechamento das investiga??es. Sendo assim, ? importante refor?ar o papel do comit? na investiga??o e ainda, destacar as fichas de investiga??o, como importantes ferramentas para a gest?o na tomada de decis?es e monitoramento da mortalidade infantil, necessitam de investimentos adicionais, como capacita??o dos profissionais de sa?de, com vista ? supera??o dos problemas identificados. === The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is one of the most common factors used to analyze the health situation of a population. Therefore, the mortality investigation has been used as an instrument to identify the risk factors related to it in order to assist in the action planning which aims to restructure and improve child and maternal assistance, with the objective to reduce deaths and contribute to the qualification of health information. In light of this, the present study which has a descriptive nature and used a quantitative approach, aims, in a general way, to analyze the quality of infant and fetal mortality investigations in the city of Caic?/RN and as a specific objective, to identify the proportion of investigated and notified infant and fetal death, on the Mortality Information System (SIM) from the Municipal Health Office of Caic?/RN; calculate the average number of days until the conclusion of the process of investigation of infant and fetal death; analyze the completeness and consistency of the data found on infant and fetal death certificates (DO) as well as on the investigation files; classify infant and fetal deaths according to the Brazilian Evitability List; and compare, taking into account the evitability potential, the classification of infant and fetal deaths according to the Brazilian Evitability List and the results obtained after the investigation carried out by the municipality. As participants of the study, it was included all infant and fetal deaths (N=55) from residents of the city concerned, which were notified and investigated on the Mortality Information System (SIM) in the period between 2010 and 2015. It was used secondary data about infant and fetal deaths which came from the death surveillance sector of the city and of the SIM. In order to achieve a better analysis of the investigations, the study followed some dimensions: Completeness, Consistency, Evitability Classification and Time of Investigation, each one of these with its corresponding variables. The data was analyzed through absolute and relative frequencies using the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in the 22.0 version. The results showed a low percentage of the investigation (45, 3%), with the predominance of the investigations occurring after 120 days (82,7%). Concerning the completeness of the data of the instruments which were used in the investigations, the worst ones, for the stillbirth, refer to out-patient files (78,2%) and home interview (78,4%), whilst for the deaths of children under one year old, they are represented for hospital files (70,1%). 75,7% of the fetal cases and 92% of infant cases which were analyzed, showed factors which compromised the consistency of the investigation. Considering the total of infant and fetal deaths, it was predominant in this study (64, 8%) the causes which are evitable by the health care services and only 13, 7% were in accordance when compared to the results based on the classification of the Brazilian Evitability List and the ones obtained in the investigation carried out by the city in question. In general, the study highlighted the fragility of death surveillance in the city of Caic?, in special at the end of the investigations. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the fact of the relevance of the investigation to be aware of infant and fetal mortality, this way being an important tool for the management of decision making and monitoring infant death with the objective to transform this reality. It is necessary to reinforce the role of the investigation committee and mobilize the managers and health teams to overcome the problems which were found.
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