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Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) === O objetivo desta tese ? compreender os fatores que influenciam o balan?o de carbono em reservat?rios do semi?rido do nordeste brasileiro e avaliar o efeito de peixes com diferentes h?bitos alimentares no balan?o de carbono destes ambientes. Os resultados desta tese nos mostraram que peixes com diferentes h?bitos alimentares podem influenciar o balan?o de carbono em reservat?rios (Cap?tulo I; Cap?tulo II; Capitulo III). Demonstramos atrav?s de experimentos de mesocosmos que peixes bent?voros (detrit?voros) aumentam a heterotrofia e emiss?o de CO2 para atmosfera, atrav?s da ressuspens?o de mat?ria org?nica e nutrientes presos ao sedimento, que estimulam as taxas de respira??o planct?nica e microbiana, assim como os processos de metanotrofia (Cap?tulo II). Por outro lado, peixes on?voros como a Til?pia do Nilo, favorecem a diminu??o da emiss?o de CO2 para a atmosfera, atrav?s do est?mulo da biomassa fitoplanct?nica ocasionado principalmente via cascata tr?fica pela diminui??o da biomassa de zoopl?ncton (Cap?tulo III). Al?m disso, reservat?rios que apresentam uma domin?ncia de s?lidos inorg?nicos em suspens?o pode indicar que o ambiente est? emitindo CO2 para a atmosfera. Em contrapartida, reservat?rios que apresentam uma domin?ncia de s?lidos org?nicos em suspens?o pode indicar que o ambiente esteja apreendendo CO2 da atmosfera (Cap?tulo I). Podemos concluir, que alguns fatores como a domin?ncia de s?lidos em suspens?o pode ser um indicativo da fun??o do ecossistema aqu?tico frente ao balan?o de carbono. Al?m disso, peixes com diferentes h?bitos alimentares podem influenciar o balan?o de carbono em reservat?rios. === The objective of this thesis is to understand the factors that influence the carbon balance in semi-arid reservoirs in northeastern Brazil and to evaluate the effect of the feeding characteristics in the carbon balance of these environments. The results of this thesis have shown that fish with different feeding characteristics can influence carbon balance in reservoirs (Chapter I, Chapter II, Chapter III). We have demonstrated through experiments mesocosms that benthivorous fish enhance heterotrophic and emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, through the suspension of organic matter and nutrients attached to sediment, which stimulate plankton and microbial respiration rates as well as methanotrophy processes (Chapter II). On the other hand, omnivorous fish like Nile Tilapia favor decrease CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by stimulating phytoplankton biomass mainly caused via trophic cascade by decrease in zooplankton biomass (Chapter III). In addition, reservoirs which have a predominance of inorganic suspended solids may indicate that the environment is emitting CO2 to the atmosphere. However, reservoirs have a dominance of organic suspended solids may indicate that the environment is uptake CO2 by the atmosphere (Chapter I). We can conclude, that some factors such as the dominance of suspended solids may be indicative of the of carbon balance function by aquatic ecosystem. In addition, fish with different feeding characteristics can influence the carbon balance in reservoirs.
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