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Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) === Acidentes com animais pe?onhentos representam um s?rio problema de sa?de p?blica em diversos pa?ses, destacando-se os acidentes of?dicos e escorpi?nicos. No Brasil, as serpentes do g?nero Bothrops e os escorpi?es pertencentes ao g?nero Tityus, s?o as de maior relev?ncia cl?nica. O tratamento para o envenenamento consiste em administra??o de soros antiof?dico e antiescorpi?nico. Vacinas que utilizam ant?genos puros e vias de administra??o alternativa requerem o uso de adjuvantes potentes e um sistema de entrega de ant?geno eficaz. Nanossistemas v?m sendo investigados como sistemas de libera??o para macromol?culas terap?uticas. A quitosana, devido as suas propriedades, tem sido extensivamente investigada na formula??o de nanocarreadores, particularmente de genes e prote?nas. Este estudo teve como objetivo a obten??o de nanopart?culas de quitosana (CNP) com base na gelifica??o i?nica para carrear prote?nas/pept?deos terap?uticos utilizados na imunoterapia e avalia??o do potencial imunoadjuvante dessas nanopart?culas na produ??o de soros antivenenos. CNP foram obtidas por gelifica??o i?nica, com tamanho m?dio de 160 nm, caracterizadas f?sico-quimicamente e o perfil de libera??o avaliado, demonstrando se tratar de um sistema de libera??o modificado. A estabilidade dos sistemas foi avaliada por 7 semanas, observando-se uma maior estabilidade dos sistemas associados aos venenos. Animais experimentais foram imunizados durante 6 semanas com 100 ?L de veneno das serpentes atrav?s inje??es subcut?neas, em diferentes concentra??es (5,0 ou 10,0%), encapsuladas em CNP ou associados ao hidr?xido de alum?nio (HA). Os resultados demonstram que os t?tulos de anticorpos obtidos para os animais vacinados com os nanossistemas foram equivalentes ou maiores aos obtidos para os animais vacinados com o HA, com a vantagem desses serem menos inflamat?rios que o HA, exigindo uma menor quantidade de ant?geno a ser administrada, por se tratar de um sistema de liberta??o modificada, revelando a obten??o de um novo sistema nanoparticulado com potencial aplica??o na soroterapia. === Accidents with venomous animals represent a serious public health problem in many countries of the world, with emphasis to snake and scorpion accidents. In Brazil, Bothrops snakes are the most clinically relevant. Regarding scorpions, the genus Tityus includes the species of higher medical importance. Treatment for envenomation consists mainly in the administration of antivenom sera. Vaccines using pure antigens in alternative administration routes require the use of potent adjuvants and an effective antigen delivery system. Nanosystems are being investigated as delivery systems for therapeutic macromolecules. Chitosan, due to its properties, has been extensively investigated in nanocarriers formulations, particularly for genes and proteins. This study aimed to obtain chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) based on ionic gelation for the delivery of therapeutic proteins/peptides used in immunotherapy, as well as to evaluate the immunoadjuvant potential of these nanoparticles in the production of antivenom serums. CNP were obtained by ionic gelation, with an average size of 160 nm. Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of the release profile demonstrated that it is a modified release system. The stability of different systems was evaluated for 7 weeks, observing a greater stability of the systems associated with venoms. Experimental animals were immunized subcutaneously for 6 weeks with 100 uL snake venoms at different concentrations (5.0 or 10.0%), either encapsulated in CNP or associated with aluminum hydroxide (AH). The results demonstrate that the antibody titers observed for animals vaccinated with the studied nanosystems were equivalent or higher than those observed for animals vaccinated with HA. Further advantages of the nanosystems were to be less inflammatory, and to require smaller amounts of antigen to be administered, because it is a modified-release system, with potential application in anti-venom serum therapy.
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