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Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 === O objetivo da presente tese foi aplicar biot?cnicas no monitoramento e controle do ciclo estral de esp?cie silvestres do bioma caatinga, como ferramenta para aperfei?oamento do manejo em cativeiro, bem como conserva??o ou multiplica??o dessas esp?cies. A tese foi dividida em 3 experimentos. No primeiro, foi realizado o monitoramento do ciclo estral de tatus-peba (Euphractus sexcinctus) por diferentes m?todos de monitoramento, na qual foi observado ciclo estral com dura??o de 23,5 ? 3,12 dias, com uma fase folicular de 8,8 ? 1,4 dias e 15,62 ? 2,1 dias de fase l?tea. Na fase folicular foram observadas secre??o sanguinolenta vaginal, edema vulvar, presen?a de muco e facilidade de introdu??o do swab, com pico de estr?geno de 240,66 ? 12,69 pg/ml e predom?nio de c?lulas superficiais na citologia vaginal, com visualiza??o de fol?culos ovarianos por ultrassonografia. Na fase l?tea foi observada aus?ncia de secre??o sanguinolenta e dificuldade de introdu??o do swab, al?m do aumento nos n?veis de progesterona (10,83 ? 1,86 ng/ml) e visualiza??o de corpo l?teo por ultrassom. No segundo experimento, dois protocolos para indu??o e sincroniza??o de estro foram testados em cutias (Dasyprocta leporina). O primeiro, consistia na administra??o de duas doses de cloprostenol (5?g) com intervalo de nove dias; e o segundo, na administra??o de 30 ?g de an?logo de GnRH, seguida da administra??o de cloprostenol (5?g) ap?s sete dias e uma nova dose de an?logo de GnRH (30?g) ap?s dois dias. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica entre os protocolos testados (P=0.1009). Entretanto, a prostaglandina isolada promoveu a indu??o de estro em 40% das f?meas, em 3 e 6 dias, e as associa??es de cloprostenol e GnRH, em 60% das f?meas, em 4 e 10 dias, ap?s ?ltima dose administrada, com pico de estr?geno de 19,95 ? 2,41pg/ml e 9,67 ? 1,8pg/ml, respectivamente. Em ambos os tratamentos, essas f?meas mostraram caracter?sticas externas de estro como abertura e hiperemia vulvar, muco vaginal e f?cil penetra??o de swab. O terceiro experimento teve por objetivo comparar a efici?ncia de dois protocolos para sincroniza??o de estro e adaptar a t?cnica de insemina??o artificial (IA) em f?meas de catetos (Pecari tajacu), sendo este realizado ap?s identifica??o e aplica??o do m?todo de sincroniza??o mais eficaz. O primeiro protocolo baseava-se na administra??o dupla de cloprostenol (120?g) com intervalo de nove dias, e o segundo, na associa??o de 400 UI de gonadotrofina cori?nica equina e 200 UI de gonadotrofina cori?nica humana, em dose ?nica. Para a IA, as f?meas foram sincronizadas com a associa??o eCG e hCG. Todas as f?meas apresentaram estro. Com o uso do cloprostenol, as f?meas mostraram estro nove dias ap?s a ?ltima aplica??o da droga, e na associa??o, ap?s seis dias. Posteriormente ? realiza??o da IA, n?o foram visualizados embri?es por ultrassonografia. No entanto, duas f?meas apresentaram aumento uterino, com presen?a de l?quido anecog?nico no l?men, e n?veis altos de progesterona com 30 e 60 dias ap?s a ?ltima IA (67.08 ? 16.85 ng/ml e 73.42 ? 22.59 ng/ml, respectivamente). Assim, como conclus?o geral, o monitoramento da atividade ovariana em tatus-peba, bem como a indu??o e sincroniza??o em cutias e catetos, permitem o uso dessas biot?cnicas em larga escala, facilitando a gest?o dessas esp?cies em cativeiro. === The objective of the present thesis was to apply biotechnologies in monitoring and control the estrous cycle of wild species of the caatinga biome, as a tool for improving the management in captivity, as well as conservation or multiplication of these species. The thesis was divided into three experiments. The first was realized the monitoring of the estrous cycle in armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) by different monitoring methods, which was observed estrous cycle with duration of 23.5 ? 3.12 days, a follicular phase 8.8 ? 1.4 days and luteal phase of 15.62 ? 2.1 days. In the follicular phase were observed vaginal bloody discharge, vulvar edema, presence of mucus and ease of introduction of swab, with peak estrogen 240.66 ? 12.69 pg / ml and predominance of superficial cells in the vaginal cytology, with follicles observed by ovarian ultrasound. In the luteal phase was observed absence of bloody discharge and difficulty of introducing the swab, besides the increase in progesterone levels (10.83 ? 1.86 ng / ml) and corpus luteum viewing by ultrasound. In the second experiment, two protocols for induction and estrus synchronization were tested in agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina). The first consisted in the administration of two doses of cloprostenol (5?g) with nine-day interval; and the second, in the administration of 30 mcg GnRH analogue, followed by cloprostenol administration (5?g) after seven days and a new dose of GnRH analogue (30?g) after two days. There was no statistical difference between the protocols tested (P=0.1490). However, the isolated prostaglandin promoted estrus induction in 40% of females, 3 to 6 days, and cloprostenol and GnRH associations, 60% females, 4 and 10 days after last dose, with peak estrogen 19.95 ? 2,41pg / ml and 9.67 ? 1,8pg / ml, respectively. In both treatments, these females showed estrous external characteristics as opening and hyperemia vulvar, vaginal mucus and easy penetration swab. The third experiment was to compare the efficiency of two protocols for estrous synchronization and to adapt the artificial insemination (AI) in collared peccary females (Pecari tajacu), which was carried out after identification and to appliction the most effective method of synchronization. The first protocol was based on the dual administration of cloprostenol (120?g) with nine-day interval, and the second, in the association of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and 200 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a single dose. For IA, females were synchronized with eCG and hCG association. All females exhibited estrus. With the use of cloprostenol, females exhibited estrus nine days after the last drug application, and with use of the association, after six days. After the realization of AI, were not observed embryos by ultrasound. However, two females showed increased uterine with presence of anechogenic fluid in the lumen, and high levels of progesterone 30 to 60 days after the last IA (67.08 ? 16.85 ng / mL and 73.42 ? 22.59 ng / ml, respectively). Thus, as the general conclusion, the monitoring of ovarian activity in armadillos as well as the induction and synchronization in agouti and peccaries, allow the use of these biotechnologies in large scale, facilitating the management of these species in captivity.
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