O caminho para as secas: as imigra??es para o semi?rido setentrional

• Main Author: Nascimento, Tiago Carlos Lima do
• Other Authors: 27422125829
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 2016
• Subjects: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DEMOGRAFIA; Sert?o; Urbaniza??o; Imigra??o; Crescimento populacional; Seletividade migrat?ria
• Online Access: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20346

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica ([e-mail]) on 2016-04-26T20:14:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoCarlosLimaDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 2369154 bytes, checksum: c3f407debf9a216c37e955cfaab96f4a (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva ([e-mail]) on 2016-04-29T21:25:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoCarlosLimaDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 2369154 bytes, checksum: c3f407debf9a216c37e955cfaab96f4a (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T21:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoCarlosLimaDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 2369154 bytes, checksum: c3f407debf9a216c37e955cfaab96f4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 === A regi?o Nordeste do Brasil foi, historicamente, uma regi?o expulsora de sua popula??o, tendo como fatores que motivaram estes padr?es de mobilidade, o rigor clim?tico das estiagens sazonais da regi?o semi?rida, atrelado a condi??es de vida prec?rias e um baixo IDH. Estes seriam os fatores que causariam a expressiva emigra??o na regi?o em dire??o ao Sul/Sudeste do pa?s. Contudo, o Nordeste vem mudando o seu papel atuante no contexto migrat?rio nacional. As UF?s do Nordeste v?m apresentando uma diminui??o em suas taxas de emigra??o e um aumento em suas taxas de imigra??o, indicando as novas tend?ncias nos fluxos migrat?rios brasileiros atrav?s da maior participa??o da migra??o de retorno. Considerando que as novas formas de distribui??o da popula??o ocorrem de forma dial?tica com os contextos da reestrutura??o produtiva no Nordeste que vem tomando diferentes formas nas d?cadas recentes, concomitante ao aumento do retorno migrat?rio e maior participa??o de seus efeitos indiretos nos fluxos em dire??o ao Nordeste, buscamos nesta pesquisa analisar os fluxos de migra??o no Semi?rido Setentrional para identificar e reconhecer os novos pap?is que as cidades do sert?o est?o desempenhando como espa?os de atra??o populacional no Semi?rido Setentrional que possui uma din?mica migrat?ria pr?pria e desponta com espa?os de atra??o e de rotatividade migrat?ria que polarizam os fluxos regionalmente. Desta forma o Semi?rido Setentrional possui esta atratividade migrat?ria diretamente ligada ao processo de urbaniza??o que a regi?o vem passando e com o aumento das migra??es em curta dist?ncia. A fim de realizar esta an?lise, analisamos as caracter?sticas individuais dos migrantes que possuem especificidades entre as tipologias de migrantes diretos,migrantes retornados e popula??es n?omigrantes, indicando que apesar do contexto de desigualdades sociais ainda ser evidente no Semi?rido Setentrional, os seus imigrantes se caracterizam com melhores indicadores sociais que os emigrantes tradicionais da regi?o. O aumento na participa??o dos grupos migrantes mais velhos, maior propor??o de mulheres migrantes, e o aumento no grau de escolariza??o s?o elementos que nos auxiliam a compreender este novo contexto migrat?rio e o papel destes migrantes nos novos contextos de produ??o e de investimento em pol?ticas p?blicas que o Semi?rido Setentrional vem passando. === Brazilian Northeast region has historically had a massive process of emigration, which has been caused by semiarid rigorous droughts, tied to poor living conditions and low HDI. These are the factors that could explain this significant mobility pattern towards the South and Southeast of the country. However, the Northeast has been modifying its role in the national migration context. The region?s states have presented, in recent years, decreasing emigration rates and increasing immigration rates, which indicates new patterns of Brazilian migration flows through a greater importance of return migration. Taking into account that the new patterns of population distribution are dialectally correlated to the productive restructuring contexts in the Northeast, which have been undertaking different shapes lately, at the same time that we verify increasing return migration into the area, we look forward to analyzing the Northern Semiarid flows in order to identify and recognize the new roles of the cities in this region as spaces of population attraction in the Northeast, which has a singular migration dynamic and emerges as a locus of pull and turnover spaces that polarize the flows regionally. In this sense, the Northern Semiarid has had a migration attractiveness directly linked to the urbanization process that has taken place in the region, as well as to the boosting of shortdistance migration flows. In order to develop this research, we analyzed individual migrant characteristics that are singular in relation to what is commonly attributed to certain migrant typologies, such as direct migrants, return migrants and non-immigrant populations. This indicates that, despite the region general inequality context, the Northern Semiarid migrants hold better social indicators than the other traditional emigrants in the area. The increasing share of older and female migrant groups, as well as raising school enrollment rates, are elements that help us to understand this new migration context and the recent roles undertaken by migrants in a moment of increasing public policies? investments in the Northern Semiarid.