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Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 === A regi?o Nordeste do Brasil foi, historicamente, uma regi?o expulsora de sua popula??o,
tendo como fatores que motivaram estes padr?es de mobilidade, o rigor clim?tico das
estiagens sazonais da regi?o semi?rida, atrelado a condi??es de vida prec?rias e um baixo
IDH. Estes seriam os fatores que causariam a expressiva emigra??o na regi?o em dire??o ao
Sul/Sudeste do pa?s. Contudo, o Nordeste vem mudando o seu papel atuante no contexto
migrat?rio nacional. As UF?s do Nordeste v?m apresentando uma diminui??o em suas taxas
de emigra??o e um aumento em suas taxas de imigra??o, indicando as novas tend?ncias nos
fluxos migrat?rios brasileiros atrav?s da maior participa??o da migra??o de retorno.
Considerando que as novas formas de distribui??o da popula??o ocorrem de forma dial?tica
com os contextos da reestrutura??o produtiva no Nordeste que vem tomando diferentes
formas nas d?cadas recentes, concomitante ao aumento do retorno migrat?rio e maior
participa??o de seus efeitos indiretos nos fluxos em dire??o ao Nordeste, buscamos nesta
pesquisa analisar os fluxos de migra??o no Semi?rido Setentrional para identificar e
reconhecer os novos pap?is que as cidades do sert?o est?o desempenhando como espa?os de
atra??o populacional no Semi?rido Setentrional que possui uma din?mica migrat?ria pr?pria e
desponta com espa?os de atra??o e de rotatividade migrat?ria que polarizam os fluxos
regionalmente. Desta forma o Semi?rido Setentrional possui esta atratividade migrat?ria
diretamente ligada ao processo de urbaniza??o que a regi?o vem passando e com o aumento
das migra??es em curta dist?ncia. A fim de realizar esta an?lise, analisamos as caracter?sticas
individuais dos migrantes que possuem especificidades entre as tipologias de migrantes
diretos,migrantes retornados e popula??es n?omigrantes, indicando que apesar do contexto de
desigualdades sociais ainda ser evidente no Semi?rido Setentrional, os seus imigrantes se
caracterizam com melhores indicadores sociais que os emigrantes tradicionais da regi?o. O
aumento na participa??o dos grupos migrantes mais velhos, maior propor??o de mulheres
migrantes, e o aumento no grau de escolariza??o s?o elementos que nos auxiliam a
compreender este novo contexto migrat?rio e o papel destes migrantes nos novos contextos de
produ??o e de investimento em pol?ticas p?blicas que o Semi?rido Setentrional vem passando. === Brazilian Northeast region has historically had a massive process of emigration, which has
been caused by semiarid rigorous droughts, tied to poor living conditions and low HDI. These
are the factors that could explain this significant mobility pattern towards the South and
Southeast of the country. However, the Northeast has been modifying its role in the national
migration context. The region?s states have presented, in recent years, decreasing emigration
rates and increasing immigration rates, which indicates new patterns of Brazilian migration
flows through a greater importance of return migration. Taking into account that the new
patterns of population distribution are dialectally correlated to the productive restructuring
contexts in the Northeast, which have been undertaking different shapes lately, at the same
time that we verify increasing return migration into the area, we look forward to analyzing the
Northern Semiarid flows in order to identify and recognize the new roles of the cities in this
region as spaces of population attraction in the Northeast, which has a singular migration
dynamic and emerges as a locus of pull and turnover spaces that polarize the flows regionally.
In this sense, the Northern Semiarid has had a migration attractiveness directly linked to the
urbanization process that has taken place in the region, as well as to the boosting of shortdistance
migration flows. In order to develop this research, we analyzed individual migrant
characteristics that are singular in relation to what is commonly attributed to certain migrant
typologies, such as direct migrants, return migrants and non-immigrant populations. This
indicates that, despite the region general inequality context, the Northern Semiarid migrants
hold better social indicators than the other traditional emigrants in the area. The increasing
share of older and female migrant groups, as well as raising school enrollment rates, are
elements that help us to understand this new migration context and the recent roles undertaken
by migrants in a moment of increasing public policies? investments in the Northern Semiarid.
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