A influ?ncia da relev?ncia social no vi?s de grupo

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Oliveira, Eduardo Bitencourt de
Other Authors: 99079682853
Language:Portuguese
Published: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20171
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Summary:Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-31T23:30:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoBitencourtDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1442121 bytes, checksum: 9f7e52e63e5910dacd51590777410539 (MD5) === Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-05T19:45:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoBitencourtDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1442121 bytes, checksum: 9f7e52e63e5910dacd51590777410539 (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T19:45:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoBitencourtDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1442121 bytes, checksum: 9f7e52e63e5910dacd51590777410539 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-05 === Comportamentos encontrados em todas as culturas, tend?ncias gerais do ser humano, s?o conhecidos dentro da Psicologia Evolucionista como mecanismos psicol?gicos evolu?dos. Esses comportamentos remontam ao Ambiente de Adapta??o Evolutiva, e um exemplo bem conhecido deste tipo de comportamento ? o vi?s de grupo (ou vi?s intergrupo). Este vi?s consiste em reconhecer membros do pr?prio grupo e favorec?-los, enquanto negligencia ou mesmo prejudica membros de outros grupos. Este comportamento foi e ainda ? extensivamente estudado, entre as principais conclus?es sobre o fen?meno encontra-se o Paradigma dos Grupos M?nimos, onde se descobriu que o vi?s intergrupo poderia se manifestar mesmo quando a divis?o de grupos seguia crit?rios bastante arbitr?rios. No presente estudo, nosso objetivo foi testar se os participantes, ao realizar um jogo econ?mico, se comportavam da mesma maneira em uma situa??o de grupos m?nimos e de grupos reais, com relev?ncia social. Com esse prop?sito criamos duas condi??es experimentais, a condi??o de Baixa Relev?ncia Social (BRS) onde os grupos eram representados por letras (H, B, O e Y) com participantes sendo aleatoriamente alocados para cada grupo; e a condi??o de Alta Relev?ncia Social (ARS), em que a religi?o foi usada como marcador de grupo e continha os dois grupos religiosos mais dominantes no Brasil, cat?licos e evang?licos, um grupo contendo todas as outras filia??es religiosas e o quarto e ?ltimo grupo representando ateus e agn?sticos. A raz?o de doa??es in-group/out-group foi aproximadamente igual entre ambas as condi??es. No entanto, a quantidade de wafers doada para o pr?prio grupo foi significativamente maior na condi??o ARS.Ao verificar quais aspectos de cada indiv?duo melhor previam o vi?s de grupo observado, descobrimos que a percep??o da Entitatividade in-group, assim como a Identifica??o do Grupo, foram as vari?veis mais relevantes, por?m, s? na condi??o ARS. Simultaneamente, ao verificar a generosidade, enviesada ao grupo ou n?o, observamos que o fator de personalidade Socializa??o foi a ?nica vari?vel capaz de prev?-la, e apenas na condi??o BRS.Conclu?mos que a nossa generosidade, ou falta dela, ? em grande parte definida pela nossa personalidade, em particular o fator Socializa??o. Mas essa mesma generosidade pode ser enviesada pela relev?ncia social dos grupos envolvidos e que, se esta ?ltima for alta o suficiente, mesmo pessoas que, gra?as a sua personalidade, normalmente n?o apresentam generosidade, s?o capazes de demonstr?-la quando o benefici?rio ? um membro de seu pr?prio grupo. === Behaviors found in every culture, general human tendencies, are knew in Evolutionary Psychology as evolved psychological mechanisms. Those behaviors date back the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness, and a well know example of such behavior is the group bias (or intergroup bias). This bias consists of recognizing members of your own group and favor them, while disregarding or even harming outsiders. This behavior was and still is extensively studies, among the most important conclusions about this phenomenon is the Minimal Groups Paradigm, in which it was discovered that the group bias could trigger even when the groupings were done in following very arbitrary criteria. In the current study, our goal was to test if the participants, when playing an economic game, would behave in a similar fashion under a minimal group situation and real groups, with social meaning. With this in mind we made two experimental conditions, a Low Social Meaning one (LSM) where the groups were represented by letters (H, B, O and Y) in which participants would be ramdomly assorted to each group; and the High Social Meaning condition (HSM) in which religion was used as a group marker, containing the two most dominating religious groups in Brazil, catholic and evangelic, another group containing all the other affiliations e the fourth and last group representing atheists and agnostics. The ratio of donations in-group/out-group was roughly the same across both conditions. However, the amount of wafers donated to ingroup was significantly bigger in the HSM condition. By verifying which aspects of the individual best predicted the observed group bias, we discovered that the in-group Entitativity perception as well as the Group Identification were the most relevant variables, however, only in the HSM condition. Simultaneously, by verifying the generosity, biased or not, we observed that the agreeableness personality factor was the only variable able to predict it, and only in the LSM condition. We conclude that our generosity, or the lack of it, is for most part defined by our personality, the Agreeableness factor in particular. But this very generosity can be biased by the social meaning of the involved groups and that, if the social meaning is big enough, even people who, thanks to their personality, normally wouldn?t show generosity, are able to do so when the receiver is an in-group member.